Input interpretation
ammonium chloride ⟶ hydrogen chloride + ammonia
Balanced equation
Balance the chemical equation algebraically: ⟶ + Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 ⟶ c_2 + c_3 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for Cl, H and N: Cl: | c_1 = c_2 H: | 4 c_1 = c_2 + 3 c_3 N: | c_1 = c_3 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_1 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 1 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | ⟶ +
Structures
⟶ +
Names
ammonium chloride ⟶ hydrogen chloride + ammonia
Reaction thermodynamics
Enthalpy
| ammonium chloride | hydrogen chloride | ammonia molecular enthalpy | -314.4 kJ/mol | -92.3 kJ/mol | -45.9 kJ/mol total enthalpy | -314.4 kJ/mol | -92.3 kJ/mol | -45.9 kJ/mol | H_initial = -314.4 kJ/mol | H_final = -138.2 kJ/mol | ΔH_rxn^0 | -138.2 kJ/mol - -314.4 kJ/mol = 176.2 kJ/mol (endothermic) | |
Gibbs free energy
| ammonium chloride | hydrogen chloride | ammonia molecular free energy | -202.9 kJ/mol | -95.3 kJ/mol | -16.4 kJ/mol total free energy | -202.9 kJ/mol | -95.3 kJ/mol | -16.4 kJ/mol | G_initial = -202.9 kJ/mol | G_final = -111.7 kJ/mol | ΔG_rxn^0 | -111.7 kJ/mol - -202.9 kJ/mol = 91.2 kJ/mol (endergonic) | |
Entropy
| ammonium chloride | hydrogen chloride | ammonia molecular entropy | 96 J/(mol K) | 187 J/(mol K) | 193 J/(mol K) total entropy | 96 J/(mol K) | 187 J/(mol K) | 193 J/(mol K) | S_initial = 96 J/(mol K) | S_final = 380 J/(mol K) | ΔS_rxn^0 | 380 J/(mol K) - 96 J/(mol K) = 284 J/(mol K) (endoentropic) | |
Chemical names and formulas
| ammonium chloride | hydrogen chloride | ammonia Hill formula | ClH_4N | ClH | H_3N name | ammonium chloride | hydrogen chloride | ammonia
Substance properties
| ammonium chloride | hydrogen chloride | ammonia molar mass | 53.49 g/mol | 36.46 g/mol | 17.031 g/mol phase | solid (at STP) | gas (at STP) | gas (at STP) melting point | 340 °C | -114.17 °C | -77.73 °C boiling point | | -85 °C | -33.33 °C density | 1.5256 g/cm^3 | 0.00149 g/cm^3 (at 25 °C) | 6.96×10^-4 g/cm^3 (at 25 °C) solubility in water | soluble | miscible | surface tension | | | 0.0234 N/m dynamic viscosity | | | 1.009×10^-5 Pa s (at 25 °C)
Units
