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NaCl + Cu(OH)2 = NaOH + CuCl2

Input interpretation

NaCl sodium chloride + Cu(OH)_2 copper hydroxide ⟶ NaOH sodium hydroxide + CuCl_2 copper(II) chloride
NaCl sodium chloride + Cu(OH)_2 copper hydroxide ⟶ NaOH sodium hydroxide + CuCl_2 copper(II) chloride

Balanced equation

Balance the chemical equation algebraically: NaCl + Cu(OH)_2 ⟶ NaOH + CuCl_2 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 NaCl + c_2 Cu(OH)_2 ⟶ c_3 NaOH + c_4 CuCl_2 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for Cl, Na, Cu, H and O: Cl: | c_1 = 2 c_4 Na: | c_1 = c_3 Cu: | c_2 = c_4 H: | 2 c_2 = c_3 O: | 2 c_2 = c_3 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_2 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 2 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 2 c_4 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | 2 NaCl + Cu(OH)_2 ⟶ 2 NaOH + CuCl_2
Balance the chemical equation algebraically: NaCl + Cu(OH)_2 ⟶ NaOH + CuCl_2 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 NaCl + c_2 Cu(OH)_2 ⟶ c_3 NaOH + c_4 CuCl_2 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for Cl, Na, Cu, H and O: Cl: | c_1 = 2 c_4 Na: | c_1 = c_3 Cu: | c_2 = c_4 H: | 2 c_2 = c_3 O: | 2 c_2 = c_3 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_2 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 2 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 2 c_4 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | 2 NaCl + Cu(OH)_2 ⟶ 2 NaOH + CuCl_2

Structures

+ ⟶ +
+ ⟶ +

Names

sodium chloride + copper hydroxide ⟶ sodium hydroxide + copper(II) chloride
sodium chloride + copper hydroxide ⟶ sodium hydroxide + copper(II) chloride

Equilibrium constant

Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: NaCl + Cu(OH)_2 ⟶ NaOH + CuCl_2 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 2 NaCl + Cu(OH)_2 ⟶ 2 NaOH + CuCl_2 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i NaCl | 2 | -2 Cu(OH)_2 | 1 | -1 NaOH | 2 | 2 CuCl_2 | 1 | 1 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression NaCl | 2 | -2 | ([NaCl])^(-2) Cu(OH)_2 | 1 | -1 | ([Cu(OH)2])^(-1) NaOH | 2 | 2 | ([NaOH])^2 CuCl_2 | 1 | 1 | [CuCl2] The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([NaCl])^(-2) ([Cu(OH)2])^(-1) ([NaOH])^2 [CuCl2] = (([NaOH])^2 [CuCl2])/(([NaCl])^2 [Cu(OH)2])
Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: NaCl + Cu(OH)_2 ⟶ NaOH + CuCl_2 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 2 NaCl + Cu(OH)_2 ⟶ 2 NaOH + CuCl_2 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i NaCl | 2 | -2 Cu(OH)_2 | 1 | -1 NaOH | 2 | 2 CuCl_2 | 1 | 1 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression NaCl | 2 | -2 | ([NaCl])^(-2) Cu(OH)_2 | 1 | -1 | ([Cu(OH)2])^(-1) NaOH | 2 | 2 | ([NaOH])^2 CuCl_2 | 1 | 1 | [CuCl2] The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([NaCl])^(-2) ([Cu(OH)2])^(-1) ([NaOH])^2 [CuCl2] = (([NaOH])^2 [CuCl2])/(([NaCl])^2 [Cu(OH)2])

Rate of reaction

Construct the rate of reaction expression for: NaCl + Cu(OH)_2 ⟶ NaOH + CuCl_2 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 2 NaCl + Cu(OH)_2 ⟶ 2 NaOH + CuCl_2 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i NaCl | 2 | -2 Cu(OH)_2 | 1 | -1 NaOH | 2 | 2 CuCl_2 | 1 | 1 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term NaCl | 2 | -2 | -1/2 (Δ[NaCl])/(Δt) Cu(OH)_2 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[Cu(OH)2])/(Δt) NaOH | 2 | 2 | 1/2 (Δ[NaOH])/(Δt) CuCl_2 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[CuCl2])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -1/2 (Δ[NaCl])/(Δt) = -(Δ[Cu(OH)2])/(Δt) = 1/2 (Δ[NaOH])/(Δt) = (Δ[CuCl2])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)
Construct the rate of reaction expression for: NaCl + Cu(OH)_2 ⟶ NaOH + CuCl_2 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 2 NaCl + Cu(OH)_2 ⟶ 2 NaOH + CuCl_2 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i NaCl | 2 | -2 Cu(OH)_2 | 1 | -1 NaOH | 2 | 2 CuCl_2 | 1 | 1 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term NaCl | 2 | -2 | -1/2 (Δ[NaCl])/(Δt) Cu(OH)_2 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[Cu(OH)2])/(Δt) NaOH | 2 | 2 | 1/2 (Δ[NaOH])/(Δt) CuCl_2 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[CuCl2])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -1/2 (Δ[NaCl])/(Δt) = -(Δ[Cu(OH)2])/(Δt) = 1/2 (Δ[NaOH])/(Δt) = (Δ[CuCl2])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)

Chemical names and formulas

| sodium chloride | copper hydroxide | sodium hydroxide | copper(II) chloride formula | NaCl | Cu(OH)_2 | NaOH | CuCl_2 Hill formula | ClNa | CuH_2O_2 | HNaO | Cl_2Cu name | sodium chloride | copper hydroxide | sodium hydroxide | copper(II) chloride IUPAC name | sodium chloride | copper dihydroxide | sodium hydroxide | dichlorocopper
| sodium chloride | copper hydroxide | sodium hydroxide | copper(II) chloride formula | NaCl | Cu(OH)_2 | NaOH | CuCl_2 Hill formula | ClNa | CuH_2O_2 | HNaO | Cl_2Cu name | sodium chloride | copper hydroxide | sodium hydroxide | copper(II) chloride IUPAC name | sodium chloride | copper dihydroxide | sodium hydroxide | dichlorocopper

Substance properties

| sodium chloride | copper hydroxide | sodium hydroxide | copper(II) chloride molar mass | 58.44 g/mol | 97.56 g/mol | 39.997 g/mol | 134.4 g/mol phase | solid (at STP) | | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) melting point | 801 °C | | 323 °C | 620 °C boiling point | 1413 °C | | 1390 °C | density | 2.16 g/cm^3 | | 2.13 g/cm^3 | 3.386 g/cm^3 solubility in water | soluble | | soluble | surface tension | | | 0.07435 N/m | dynamic viscosity | | | 0.004 Pa s (at 350 °C) | odor | odorless | | |
| sodium chloride | copper hydroxide | sodium hydroxide | copper(II) chloride molar mass | 58.44 g/mol | 97.56 g/mol | 39.997 g/mol | 134.4 g/mol phase | solid (at STP) | | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) melting point | 801 °C | | 323 °C | 620 °C boiling point | 1413 °C | | 1390 °C | density | 2.16 g/cm^3 | | 2.13 g/cm^3 | 3.386 g/cm^3 solubility in water | soluble | | soluble | surface tension | | | 0.07435 N/m | dynamic viscosity | | | 0.004 Pa s (at 350 °C) | odor | odorless | | |

Units

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