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Cl2 + NaOH + Na2SeO3 = H2O + NaCl + Na2SeO4

Input interpretation

Cl_2 chlorine + NaOH sodium hydroxide + Na_2SeO_3 sodium selenite ⟶ H_2O water + NaCl sodium chloride + Na_2SeO_4 sodium selenate
Cl_2 chlorine + NaOH sodium hydroxide + Na_2SeO_3 sodium selenite ⟶ H_2O water + NaCl sodium chloride + Na_2SeO_4 sodium selenate

Balanced equation

Balance the chemical equation algebraically: Cl_2 + NaOH + Na_2SeO_3 ⟶ H_2O + NaCl + Na_2SeO_4 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 Cl_2 + c_2 NaOH + c_3 Na_2SeO_3 ⟶ c_4 H_2O + c_5 NaCl + c_6 Na_2SeO_4 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for Cl, H, Na, O and Se: Cl: | 2 c_1 = c_5 H: | c_2 = 2 c_4 Na: | c_2 + 2 c_3 = c_5 + 2 c_6 O: | c_2 + 3 c_3 = c_4 + 4 c_6 Se: | c_3 = c_6 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_1 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 1 c_2 = 2 c_3 = 1 c_4 = 1 c_5 = 2 c_6 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | Cl_2 + 2 NaOH + Na_2SeO_3 ⟶ H_2O + 2 NaCl + Na_2SeO_4
Balance the chemical equation algebraically: Cl_2 + NaOH + Na_2SeO_3 ⟶ H_2O + NaCl + Na_2SeO_4 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 Cl_2 + c_2 NaOH + c_3 Na_2SeO_3 ⟶ c_4 H_2O + c_5 NaCl + c_6 Na_2SeO_4 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for Cl, H, Na, O and Se: Cl: | 2 c_1 = c_5 H: | c_2 = 2 c_4 Na: | c_2 + 2 c_3 = c_5 + 2 c_6 O: | c_2 + 3 c_3 = c_4 + 4 c_6 Se: | c_3 = c_6 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_1 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 1 c_2 = 2 c_3 = 1 c_4 = 1 c_5 = 2 c_6 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | Cl_2 + 2 NaOH + Na_2SeO_3 ⟶ H_2O + 2 NaCl + Na_2SeO_4

Structures

+ + ⟶ + +
+ + ⟶ + +

Names

chlorine + sodium hydroxide + sodium selenite ⟶ water + sodium chloride + sodium selenate
chlorine + sodium hydroxide + sodium selenite ⟶ water + sodium chloride + sodium selenate

Equilibrium constant

Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: Cl_2 + NaOH + Na_2SeO_3 ⟶ H_2O + NaCl + Na_2SeO_4 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: Cl_2 + 2 NaOH + Na_2SeO_3 ⟶ H_2O + 2 NaCl + Na_2SeO_4 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i Cl_2 | 1 | -1 NaOH | 2 | -2 Na_2SeO_3 | 1 | -1 H_2O | 1 | 1 NaCl | 2 | 2 Na_2SeO_4 | 1 | 1 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression Cl_2 | 1 | -1 | ([Cl2])^(-1) NaOH | 2 | -2 | ([NaOH])^(-2) Na_2SeO_3 | 1 | -1 | ([Na2SeO3])^(-1) H_2O | 1 | 1 | [H2O] NaCl | 2 | 2 | ([NaCl])^2 Na_2SeO_4 | 1 | 1 | [Na2SeO4] The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([Cl2])^(-1) ([NaOH])^(-2) ([Na2SeO3])^(-1) [H2O] ([NaCl])^2 [Na2SeO4] = ([H2O] ([NaCl])^2 [Na2SeO4])/([Cl2] ([NaOH])^2 [Na2SeO3])
Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: Cl_2 + NaOH + Na_2SeO_3 ⟶ H_2O + NaCl + Na_2SeO_4 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: Cl_2 + 2 NaOH + Na_2SeO_3 ⟶ H_2O + 2 NaCl + Na_2SeO_4 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i Cl_2 | 1 | -1 NaOH | 2 | -2 Na_2SeO_3 | 1 | -1 H_2O | 1 | 1 NaCl | 2 | 2 Na_2SeO_4 | 1 | 1 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression Cl_2 | 1 | -1 | ([Cl2])^(-1) NaOH | 2 | -2 | ([NaOH])^(-2) Na_2SeO_3 | 1 | -1 | ([Na2SeO3])^(-1) H_2O | 1 | 1 | [H2O] NaCl | 2 | 2 | ([NaCl])^2 Na_2SeO_4 | 1 | 1 | [Na2SeO4] The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([Cl2])^(-1) ([NaOH])^(-2) ([Na2SeO3])^(-1) [H2O] ([NaCl])^2 [Na2SeO4] = ([H2O] ([NaCl])^2 [Na2SeO4])/([Cl2] ([NaOH])^2 [Na2SeO3])

Rate of reaction

Construct the rate of reaction expression for: Cl_2 + NaOH + Na_2SeO_3 ⟶ H_2O + NaCl + Na_2SeO_4 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: Cl_2 + 2 NaOH + Na_2SeO_3 ⟶ H_2O + 2 NaCl + Na_2SeO_4 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i Cl_2 | 1 | -1 NaOH | 2 | -2 Na_2SeO_3 | 1 | -1 H_2O | 1 | 1 NaCl | 2 | 2 Na_2SeO_4 | 1 | 1 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term Cl_2 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[Cl2])/(Δt) NaOH | 2 | -2 | -1/2 (Δ[NaOH])/(Δt) Na_2SeO_3 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[Na2SeO3])/(Δt) H_2O | 1 | 1 | (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) NaCl | 2 | 2 | 1/2 (Δ[NaCl])/(Δt) Na_2SeO_4 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[Na2SeO4])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -(Δ[Cl2])/(Δt) = -1/2 (Δ[NaOH])/(Δt) = -(Δ[Na2SeO3])/(Δt) = (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) = 1/2 (Δ[NaCl])/(Δt) = (Δ[Na2SeO4])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)
Construct the rate of reaction expression for: Cl_2 + NaOH + Na_2SeO_3 ⟶ H_2O + NaCl + Na_2SeO_4 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: Cl_2 + 2 NaOH + Na_2SeO_3 ⟶ H_2O + 2 NaCl + Na_2SeO_4 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i Cl_2 | 1 | -1 NaOH | 2 | -2 Na_2SeO_3 | 1 | -1 H_2O | 1 | 1 NaCl | 2 | 2 Na_2SeO_4 | 1 | 1 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term Cl_2 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[Cl2])/(Δt) NaOH | 2 | -2 | -1/2 (Δ[NaOH])/(Δt) Na_2SeO_3 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[Na2SeO3])/(Δt) H_2O | 1 | 1 | (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) NaCl | 2 | 2 | 1/2 (Δ[NaCl])/(Δt) Na_2SeO_4 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[Na2SeO4])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -(Δ[Cl2])/(Δt) = -1/2 (Δ[NaOH])/(Δt) = -(Δ[Na2SeO3])/(Δt) = (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) = 1/2 (Δ[NaCl])/(Δt) = (Δ[Na2SeO4])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)

Chemical names and formulas

| chlorine | sodium hydroxide | sodium selenite | water | sodium chloride | sodium selenate formula | Cl_2 | NaOH | Na_2SeO_3 | H_2O | NaCl | Na_2SeO_4 Hill formula | Cl_2 | HNaO | Na_2O_3Se | H_2O | ClNa | Na_2O_4Se_1 name | chlorine | sodium hydroxide | sodium selenite | water | sodium chloride | sodium selenate IUPAC name | molecular chlorine | sodium hydroxide | | water | sodium chloride |
| chlorine | sodium hydroxide | sodium selenite | water | sodium chloride | sodium selenate formula | Cl_2 | NaOH | Na_2SeO_3 | H_2O | NaCl | Na_2SeO_4 Hill formula | Cl_2 | HNaO | Na_2O_3Se | H_2O | ClNa | Na_2O_4Se_1 name | chlorine | sodium hydroxide | sodium selenite | water | sodium chloride | sodium selenate IUPAC name | molecular chlorine | sodium hydroxide | | water | sodium chloride |

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