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chlorine vs bromine vs sodium

Input interpretation

chlorine (chemical element) | bromine (chemical element) | sodium (chemical element)
chlorine (chemical element) | bromine (chemical element) | sodium (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Periodic table location
Periodic table location

Images

Images
Images

Basic elemental properties

| chlorine | bromine | sodium atomic symbol | Cl | Br | Na atomic number | 17 | 35 | 11 short electronic configuration | [Ne]3s^23p^5 | [Ar]4s^23d^104p^5 | [Ne]3s^1 Aufbau diagram | 3p 3s | 4p 3d 4s | 3s block | p | p | s group | 17 | 17 | 1 period | 3 | 4 | 3 atomic mass | 35.45 u | 79.904 u | 22.98976928 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)
| chlorine | bromine | sodium atomic symbol | Cl | Br | Na atomic number | 17 | 35 | 11 short electronic configuration | [Ne]3s^23p^5 | [Ar]4s^23d^104p^5 | [Ne]3s^1 Aufbau diagram | 3p 3s | 4p 3d 4s | 3s block | p | p | s group | 17 | 17 | 1 period | 3 | 4 | 3 atomic mass | 35.45 u | 79.904 u | 22.98976928 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)

Thermodynamic properties

| chlorine | bromine | sodium phase at STP | gas | liquid | solid melting point | -101.5 °C | -7.3 °C | 97.72 °C boiling point | -34.04 °C | 59 °C | 883 °C critical temperature | 416.9 K | 588 K | 2573 K critical pressure | 7.991 MPa | 10.34 MPa | 35 MPa molar heat of fusion | 3.2 kJ/mol | 5.8 kJ/mol | 2.6 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 10.2 kJ/mol | 14.8 kJ/mol | 97.7 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 478.2 J/(kg K) | 947.3 J/(kg K) | 1230 J/(kg K) adiabatic index | 7/5 | | (properties at standard conditions)
| chlorine | bromine | sodium phase at STP | gas | liquid | solid melting point | -101.5 °C | -7.3 °C | 97.72 °C boiling point | -34.04 °C | 59 °C | 883 °C critical temperature | 416.9 K | 588 K | 2573 K critical pressure | 7.991 MPa | 10.34 MPa | 35 MPa molar heat of fusion | 3.2 kJ/mol | 5.8 kJ/mol | 2.6 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 10.2 kJ/mol | 14.8 kJ/mol | 97.7 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 478.2 J/(kg K) | 947.3 J/(kg K) | 1230 J/(kg K) adiabatic index | 7/5 | | (properties at standard conditions)

Material properties

| chlorine | bromine | sodium density | 0.003214 g/cm^3 | 3.12 g/cm^3 | 0.968 g/cm^3 liquid density | | 3.12 g/cm^3 | 0.927 g/cm^3 molar volume | 11030 cm^3/mol | 25.61 cm^3/mol | 23.7 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | | | 0.5 (between talc and gypsum) Brinell hardness | | | 0.69 MPa bulk modulus | 1.1 GPa | 1.9 GPa | 6.3 GPa shear modulus | | | 3.3 GPa Young's modulus | | | 10 GPa ultimate tensile strength | | | 10 MPa refractive index | 1.000773 | 1.001132 | sound speed | 206 m/s | | 3200 m/s thermal expansion | | | 7.1×10^-5 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | 0.0089 W/(m K) | 0.12 W/(m K) | 140 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)
| chlorine | bromine | sodium density | 0.003214 g/cm^3 | 3.12 g/cm^3 | 0.968 g/cm^3 liquid density | | 3.12 g/cm^3 | 0.927 g/cm^3 molar volume | 11030 cm^3/mol | 25.61 cm^3/mol | 23.7 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | | | 0.5 (between talc and gypsum) Brinell hardness | | | 0.69 MPa bulk modulus | 1.1 GPa | 1.9 GPa | 6.3 GPa shear modulus | | | 3.3 GPa Young's modulus | | | 10 GPa ultimate tensile strength | | | 10 MPa refractive index | 1.000773 | 1.001132 | sound speed | 206 m/s | | 3200 m/s thermal expansion | | | 7.1×10^-5 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | 0.0089 W/(m K) | 0.12 W/(m K) | 140 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

Electromagnetic properties

| chlorine | bromine | sodium electrical type | insulator | insulator | conductor resistivity | 100 Ω m (ohm meters) | 1×10^10 Ω m (ohm meters) | 4.7×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 0.01 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1×10^-10 S/m (siemens per meter) | 2.1×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | diamagnetic | diamagnetic | paramagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | -2.31×10^-8 | -1.53×10^-5 | 8.5×10^-6 mass magnetic susceptibility | -7.2×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -4.9×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 8.8×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | -5.11×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -7.83×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 2×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | | | 2.36 eV (Polycrystalline) threshold frequency | | | 5.706×10^14 Hz (hertz) color | (yellow) | (red) | (silver) refractive index | 1.000773 | 1.001132 |
| chlorine | bromine | sodium electrical type | insulator | insulator | conductor resistivity | 100 Ω m (ohm meters) | 1×10^10 Ω m (ohm meters) | 4.7×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 0.01 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1×10^-10 S/m (siemens per meter) | 2.1×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | diamagnetic | diamagnetic | paramagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | -2.31×10^-8 | -1.53×10^-5 | 8.5×10^-6 mass magnetic susceptibility | -7.2×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -4.9×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 8.8×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | -5.11×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -7.83×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 2×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | | | 2.36 eV (Polycrystalline) threshold frequency | | | 5.706×10^14 Hz (hertz) color | (yellow) | (red) | (silver) refractive index | 1.000773 | 1.001132 |

Reactivity

| chlorine | bromine | sodium valence | 5 | 5 | 1 electronegativity | 3.16 | 2.96 | 0.93 electron affinity | 349 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 324.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 52.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 1251.2 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 1139.9 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 495.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 1251.2 kJ/mol | 2298 kJ/mol | 3822 kJ/mol | 5158.6 kJ/mol | 6542 kJ/mol | 9362 kJ/mol | 11018 kJ/mol | 33604 kJ/mol | 38600 kJ/mol | 43961 kJ/mol | 1139.9 kJ/mol | 2103 kJ/mol | 3470 kJ/mol | 4560 kJ/mol | 5760 kJ/mol | 8550 kJ/mol | 9940 kJ/mol | 18600 kJ/mol | 495.8 kJ/mol | 4562 kJ/mol | 6910.3 kJ/mol | 9543 kJ/mol | 13354 kJ/mol | 16613 kJ/mol | 20117 kJ/mol | 25496 kJ/mol | 28932 kJ/mol | 141362 kJ/mol
| chlorine | bromine | sodium valence | 5 | 5 | 1 electronegativity | 3.16 | 2.96 | 0.93 electron affinity | 349 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 324.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 52.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 1251.2 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 1139.9 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 495.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 1251.2 kJ/mol | 2298 kJ/mol | 3822 kJ/mol | 5158.6 kJ/mol | 6542 kJ/mol | 9362 kJ/mol | 11018 kJ/mol | 33604 kJ/mol | 38600 kJ/mol | 43961 kJ/mol | 1139.9 kJ/mol | 2103 kJ/mol | 3470 kJ/mol | 4560 kJ/mol | 5760 kJ/mol | 8550 kJ/mol | 9940 kJ/mol | 18600 kJ/mol | 495.8 kJ/mol | 4562 kJ/mol | 6910.3 kJ/mol | 9543 kJ/mol | 13354 kJ/mol | 16613 kJ/mol | 20117 kJ/mol | 25496 kJ/mol | 28932 kJ/mol | 141362 kJ/mol
Reactivity
Reactivity

Atomic properties

| chlorine | bromine | sodium term symbol | ^2P_(3/2) | ^2P_(3/2) | ^2S_(1/2) atomic radius | 100 pm | 115 pm | 180 pm covalent radius | 102 pm | 120 pm | 166 pm van der Waals radius | 175 pm | 185 pm | 227 pm (electronic ground state properties)
| chlorine | bromine | sodium term symbol | ^2P_(3/2) | ^2P_(3/2) | ^2S_(1/2) atomic radius | 100 pm | 115 pm | 180 pm covalent radius | 102 pm | 120 pm | 166 pm van der Waals radius | 175 pm | 185 pm | 227 pm (electronic ground state properties)

Abundances

| chlorine | bromine | sodium universe abundance | 1×10^-4 mass% | 7×10^-7 mass% | 0.002 mass% solar abundance | 8×10^-4 mass% | | 0.004 mass% meteorite abundance | 0.037 mass% | 1.2×10^-4 mass% | 0.55 mass% crust abundance | 0.017 mass% | 3×10^-4 mass% | 2.3 mass% ocean abundance | 2 mass% | 0.0067 mass% | 1.1 mass% human abundance | 0.12 mass% | 2.9×10^-4 mass% | 0.14 mass% universe molar abundance | 4×10^-6 mol% | 1×10^-8 mol% | 1×10^-4 mol% solar molar abundance | 3×10^-5 mol% | | 2×10^-4 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 0.016 mol% | 2.3×10^-5 mol% | 0.48 mol% ocean molar abundance | 0.35 mol% | 5.2×10^-4 mol% | 0.3 mol% crust molar abundance | 0.0099 mol% | 7.8×10^-5 mol% | 2.1 mol% human molar abundance | 0.021 mol% | 2.3×10^-5 mol% | 0.038 mol%
| chlorine | bromine | sodium universe abundance | 1×10^-4 mass% | 7×10^-7 mass% | 0.002 mass% solar abundance | 8×10^-4 mass% | | 0.004 mass% meteorite abundance | 0.037 mass% | 1.2×10^-4 mass% | 0.55 mass% crust abundance | 0.017 mass% | 3×10^-4 mass% | 2.3 mass% ocean abundance | 2 mass% | 0.0067 mass% | 1.1 mass% human abundance | 0.12 mass% | 2.9×10^-4 mass% | 0.14 mass% universe molar abundance | 4×10^-6 mol% | 1×10^-8 mol% | 1×10^-4 mol% solar molar abundance | 3×10^-5 mol% | | 2×10^-4 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 0.016 mol% | 2.3×10^-5 mol% | 0.48 mol% ocean molar abundance | 0.35 mol% | 5.2×10^-4 mol% | 0.3 mol% crust molar abundance | 0.0099 mol% | 7.8×10^-5 mol% | 2.1 mol% human molar abundance | 0.021 mol% | 2.3×10^-5 mol% | 0.038 mol%

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