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H2SO4 + MgO = H2O + MgSO4

Input interpretation

H_2SO_4 (sulfuric acid) + MgO (magnesium oxide) ⟶ H_2O (water) + MgSO_4 (magnesium sulfate)
H_2SO_4 (sulfuric acid) + MgO (magnesium oxide) ⟶ H_2O (water) + MgSO_4 (magnesium sulfate)

Balanced equation

Balance the chemical equation algebraically: H_2SO_4 + MgO ⟶ H_2O + MgSO_4 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 H_2SO_4 + c_2 MgO ⟶ c_3 H_2O + c_4 MgSO_4 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, O, S and Mg: H: | 2 c_1 = 2 c_3 O: | 4 c_1 + c_2 = c_3 + 4 c_4 S: | c_1 = c_4 Mg: | c_2 = c_4 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_1 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 1 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 1 c_4 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | H_2SO_4 + MgO ⟶ H_2O + MgSO_4
Balance the chemical equation algebraically: H_2SO_4 + MgO ⟶ H_2O + MgSO_4 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 H_2SO_4 + c_2 MgO ⟶ c_3 H_2O + c_4 MgSO_4 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, O, S and Mg: H: | 2 c_1 = 2 c_3 O: | 4 c_1 + c_2 = c_3 + 4 c_4 S: | c_1 = c_4 Mg: | c_2 = c_4 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_1 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 1 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 1 c_4 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | H_2SO_4 + MgO ⟶ H_2O + MgSO_4

Structures

+ ⟶ +
+ ⟶ +

Names

sulfuric acid + magnesium oxide ⟶ water + magnesium sulfate
sulfuric acid + magnesium oxide ⟶ water + magnesium sulfate

Reaction thermodynamics

Enthalpy

| sulfuric acid | magnesium oxide | water | magnesium sulfate molecular enthalpy | -814 kJ/mol | -601.6 kJ/mol | -285.8 kJ/mol | -1285 kJ/mol total enthalpy | -814 kJ/mol | -601.6 kJ/mol | -285.8 kJ/mol | -1285 kJ/mol | H_initial = -1416 kJ/mol | | H_final = -1571 kJ/mol | ΔH_rxn^0 | -1571 kJ/mol - -1416 kJ/mol = -155.1 kJ/mol (exothermic) | | |
| sulfuric acid | magnesium oxide | water | magnesium sulfate molecular enthalpy | -814 kJ/mol | -601.6 kJ/mol | -285.8 kJ/mol | -1285 kJ/mol total enthalpy | -814 kJ/mol | -601.6 kJ/mol | -285.8 kJ/mol | -1285 kJ/mol | H_initial = -1416 kJ/mol | | H_final = -1571 kJ/mol | ΔH_rxn^0 | -1571 kJ/mol - -1416 kJ/mol = -155.1 kJ/mol (exothermic) | | |

Gibbs free energy

| sulfuric acid | magnesium oxide | water | magnesium sulfate molecular free energy | -690 kJ/mol | -569.3 kJ/mol | -237.1 kJ/mol | -1171 kJ/mol total free energy | -690 kJ/mol | -569.3 kJ/mol | -237.1 kJ/mol | -1171 kJ/mol | G_initial = -1259 kJ/mol | | G_final = -1408 kJ/mol | ΔG_rxn^0 | -1408 kJ/mol - -1259 kJ/mol = -148.4 kJ/mol (exergonic) | | |
| sulfuric acid | magnesium oxide | water | magnesium sulfate molecular free energy | -690 kJ/mol | -569.3 kJ/mol | -237.1 kJ/mol | -1171 kJ/mol total free energy | -690 kJ/mol | -569.3 kJ/mol | -237.1 kJ/mol | -1171 kJ/mol | G_initial = -1259 kJ/mol | | G_final = -1408 kJ/mol | ΔG_rxn^0 | -1408 kJ/mol - -1259 kJ/mol = -148.4 kJ/mol (exergonic) | | |

Equilibrium constant

K_c = ([H2O] [MgSO4])/([H2SO4] [MgO])
K_c = ([H2O] [MgSO4])/([H2SO4] [MgO])

Rate of reaction

rate = -(Δ[H2SO4])/(Δt) = -(Δ[MgO])/(Δt) = (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) = (Δ[MgSO4])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)
rate = -(Δ[H2SO4])/(Δt) = -(Δ[MgO])/(Δt) = (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) = (Δ[MgSO4])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)

Chemical names and formulas

| sulfuric acid | magnesium oxide | water | magnesium sulfate formula | H_2SO_4 | MgO | H_2O | MgSO_4 Hill formula | H_2O_4S | MgO | H_2O | MgO_4S name | sulfuric acid | magnesium oxide | water | magnesium sulfate IUPAC name | sulfuric acid | oxomagnesium | water | magnesium sulfate
| sulfuric acid | magnesium oxide | water | magnesium sulfate formula | H_2SO_4 | MgO | H_2O | MgSO_4 Hill formula | H_2O_4S | MgO | H_2O | MgO_4S name | sulfuric acid | magnesium oxide | water | magnesium sulfate IUPAC name | sulfuric acid | oxomagnesium | water | magnesium sulfate

Substance properties

| sulfuric acid | magnesium oxide | water | magnesium sulfate molar mass | 98.07 g/mol | 40.304 g/mol | 18.015 g/mol | 120.4 g/mol phase | liquid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | liquid (at STP) | solid (at STP) melting point | 10.371 °C | 2852 °C | 0 °C | boiling point | 279.6 °C | 3600 °C | 99.9839 °C | density | 1.8305 g/cm^3 | 3.58 g/cm^3 | 1 g/cm^3 | solubility in water | very soluble | | | soluble surface tension | 0.0735 N/m | | 0.0728 N/m | dynamic viscosity | 0.021 Pa s (at 25 °C) | | 8.9×10^-4 Pa s (at 25 °C) | odor | odorless | odorless | odorless |
| sulfuric acid | magnesium oxide | water | magnesium sulfate molar mass | 98.07 g/mol | 40.304 g/mol | 18.015 g/mol | 120.4 g/mol phase | liquid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | liquid (at STP) | solid (at STP) melting point | 10.371 °C | 2852 °C | 0 °C | boiling point | 279.6 °C | 3600 °C | 99.9839 °C | density | 1.8305 g/cm^3 | 3.58 g/cm^3 | 1 g/cm^3 | solubility in water | very soluble | | | soluble surface tension | 0.0735 N/m | | 0.0728 N/m | dynamic viscosity | 0.021 Pa s (at 25 °C) | | 8.9×10^-4 Pa s (at 25 °C) | odor | odorless | odorless | odorless |

Units

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