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Cl2 + NaOH + Na3P = H2O + NaCl + Na3PO4

Input interpretation

Cl_2 chlorine + NaOH sodium hydroxide + Na_3P sodium phosphide ⟶ H_2O water + NaCl sodium chloride + Na_3PO_4 trisodium phosphate
Cl_2 chlorine + NaOH sodium hydroxide + Na_3P sodium phosphide ⟶ H_2O water + NaCl sodium chloride + Na_3PO_4 trisodium phosphate

Balanced equation

Balance the chemical equation algebraically: Cl_2 + NaOH + Na_3P ⟶ H_2O + NaCl + Na_3PO_4 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 Cl_2 + c_2 NaOH + c_3 Na_3P ⟶ c_4 H_2O + c_5 NaCl + c_6 Na_3PO_4 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for Cl, H, Na, O and P: Cl: | 2 c_1 = c_5 H: | c_2 = 2 c_4 Na: | c_2 + 3 c_3 = c_5 + 3 c_6 O: | c_2 = c_4 + 4 c_6 P: | c_3 = c_6 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_3 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 4 c_2 = 8 c_3 = 1 c_4 = 4 c_5 = 8 c_6 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | 4 Cl_2 + 8 NaOH + Na_3P ⟶ 4 H_2O + 8 NaCl + Na_3PO_4
Balance the chemical equation algebraically: Cl_2 + NaOH + Na_3P ⟶ H_2O + NaCl + Na_3PO_4 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 Cl_2 + c_2 NaOH + c_3 Na_3P ⟶ c_4 H_2O + c_5 NaCl + c_6 Na_3PO_4 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for Cl, H, Na, O and P: Cl: | 2 c_1 = c_5 H: | c_2 = 2 c_4 Na: | c_2 + 3 c_3 = c_5 + 3 c_6 O: | c_2 = c_4 + 4 c_6 P: | c_3 = c_6 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_3 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 4 c_2 = 8 c_3 = 1 c_4 = 4 c_5 = 8 c_6 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | 4 Cl_2 + 8 NaOH + Na_3P ⟶ 4 H_2O + 8 NaCl + Na_3PO_4

Structures

+ + ⟶ + +
+ + ⟶ + +

Names

chlorine + sodium hydroxide + sodium phosphide ⟶ water + sodium chloride + trisodium phosphate
chlorine + sodium hydroxide + sodium phosphide ⟶ water + sodium chloride + trisodium phosphate

Equilibrium constant

Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: Cl_2 + NaOH + Na_3P ⟶ H_2O + NaCl + Na_3PO_4 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 4 Cl_2 + 8 NaOH + Na_3P ⟶ 4 H_2O + 8 NaCl + Na_3PO_4 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i Cl_2 | 4 | -4 NaOH | 8 | -8 Na_3P | 1 | -1 H_2O | 4 | 4 NaCl | 8 | 8 Na_3PO_4 | 1 | 1 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression Cl_2 | 4 | -4 | ([Cl2])^(-4) NaOH | 8 | -8 | ([NaOH])^(-8) Na_3P | 1 | -1 | ([Na3P])^(-1) H_2O | 4 | 4 | ([H2O])^4 NaCl | 8 | 8 | ([NaCl])^8 Na_3PO_4 | 1 | 1 | [Na3PO4] The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([Cl2])^(-4) ([NaOH])^(-8) ([Na3P])^(-1) ([H2O])^4 ([NaCl])^8 [Na3PO4] = (([H2O])^4 ([NaCl])^8 [Na3PO4])/(([Cl2])^4 ([NaOH])^8 [Na3P])
Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: Cl_2 + NaOH + Na_3P ⟶ H_2O + NaCl + Na_3PO_4 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 4 Cl_2 + 8 NaOH + Na_3P ⟶ 4 H_2O + 8 NaCl + Na_3PO_4 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i Cl_2 | 4 | -4 NaOH | 8 | -8 Na_3P | 1 | -1 H_2O | 4 | 4 NaCl | 8 | 8 Na_3PO_4 | 1 | 1 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression Cl_2 | 4 | -4 | ([Cl2])^(-4) NaOH | 8 | -8 | ([NaOH])^(-8) Na_3P | 1 | -1 | ([Na3P])^(-1) H_2O | 4 | 4 | ([H2O])^4 NaCl | 8 | 8 | ([NaCl])^8 Na_3PO_4 | 1 | 1 | [Na3PO4] The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([Cl2])^(-4) ([NaOH])^(-8) ([Na3P])^(-1) ([H2O])^4 ([NaCl])^8 [Na3PO4] = (([H2O])^4 ([NaCl])^8 [Na3PO4])/(([Cl2])^4 ([NaOH])^8 [Na3P])

Rate of reaction

Construct the rate of reaction expression for: Cl_2 + NaOH + Na_3P ⟶ H_2O + NaCl + Na_3PO_4 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 4 Cl_2 + 8 NaOH + Na_3P ⟶ 4 H_2O + 8 NaCl + Na_3PO_4 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i Cl_2 | 4 | -4 NaOH | 8 | -8 Na_3P | 1 | -1 H_2O | 4 | 4 NaCl | 8 | 8 Na_3PO_4 | 1 | 1 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term Cl_2 | 4 | -4 | -1/4 (Δ[Cl2])/(Δt) NaOH | 8 | -8 | -1/8 (Δ[NaOH])/(Δt) Na_3P | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[Na3P])/(Δt) H_2O | 4 | 4 | 1/4 (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) NaCl | 8 | 8 | 1/8 (Δ[NaCl])/(Δt) Na_3PO_4 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[Na3PO4])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -1/4 (Δ[Cl2])/(Δt) = -1/8 (Δ[NaOH])/(Δt) = -(Δ[Na3P])/(Δt) = 1/4 (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) = 1/8 (Δ[NaCl])/(Δt) = (Δ[Na3PO4])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)
Construct the rate of reaction expression for: Cl_2 + NaOH + Na_3P ⟶ H_2O + NaCl + Na_3PO_4 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 4 Cl_2 + 8 NaOH + Na_3P ⟶ 4 H_2O + 8 NaCl + Na_3PO_4 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i Cl_2 | 4 | -4 NaOH | 8 | -8 Na_3P | 1 | -1 H_2O | 4 | 4 NaCl | 8 | 8 Na_3PO_4 | 1 | 1 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term Cl_2 | 4 | -4 | -1/4 (Δ[Cl2])/(Δt) NaOH | 8 | -8 | -1/8 (Δ[NaOH])/(Δt) Na_3P | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[Na3P])/(Δt) H_2O | 4 | 4 | 1/4 (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) NaCl | 8 | 8 | 1/8 (Δ[NaCl])/(Δt) Na_3PO_4 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[Na3PO4])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -1/4 (Δ[Cl2])/(Δt) = -1/8 (Δ[NaOH])/(Δt) = -(Δ[Na3P])/(Δt) = 1/4 (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) = 1/8 (Δ[NaCl])/(Δt) = (Δ[Na3PO4])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)

Chemical names and formulas

| chlorine | sodium hydroxide | sodium phosphide | water | sodium chloride | trisodium phosphate formula | Cl_2 | NaOH | Na_3P | H_2O | NaCl | Na_3PO_4 Hill formula | Cl_2 | HNaO | Na_3P | H_2O | ClNa | Na_3O_4P name | chlorine | sodium hydroxide | sodium phosphide | water | sodium chloride | trisodium phosphate IUPAC name | molecular chlorine | sodium hydroxide | trisodium phosphorus(-3) anion | water | sodium chloride | trisodium phosphate
| chlorine | sodium hydroxide | sodium phosphide | water | sodium chloride | trisodium phosphate formula | Cl_2 | NaOH | Na_3P | H_2O | NaCl | Na_3PO_4 Hill formula | Cl_2 | HNaO | Na_3P | H_2O | ClNa | Na_3O_4P name | chlorine | sodium hydroxide | sodium phosphide | water | sodium chloride | trisodium phosphate IUPAC name | molecular chlorine | sodium hydroxide | trisodium phosphorus(-3) anion | water | sodium chloride | trisodium phosphate

Substance properties

| chlorine | sodium hydroxide | sodium phosphide | water | sodium chloride | trisodium phosphate molar mass | 70.9 g/mol | 39.997 g/mol | 99.94306984 g/mol | 18.015 g/mol | 58.44 g/mol | 163.94 g/mol phase | gas (at STP) | solid (at STP) | | liquid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) melting point | -101 °C | 323 °C | | 0 °C | 801 °C | 75 °C boiling point | -34 °C | 1390 °C | | 99.9839 °C | 1413 °C | density | 0.003214 g/cm^3 (at 0 °C) | 2.13 g/cm^3 | | 1 g/cm^3 | 2.16 g/cm^3 | 2.536 g/cm^3 solubility in water | | soluble | insoluble | | soluble | soluble surface tension | | 0.07435 N/m | | 0.0728 N/m | | dynamic viscosity | | 0.004 Pa s (at 350 °C) | | 8.9×10^-4 Pa s (at 25 °C) | | odor | | | | odorless | odorless | odorless
| chlorine | sodium hydroxide | sodium phosphide | water | sodium chloride | trisodium phosphate molar mass | 70.9 g/mol | 39.997 g/mol | 99.94306984 g/mol | 18.015 g/mol | 58.44 g/mol | 163.94 g/mol phase | gas (at STP) | solid (at STP) | | liquid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) melting point | -101 °C | 323 °C | | 0 °C | 801 °C | 75 °C boiling point | -34 °C | 1390 °C | | 99.9839 °C | 1413 °C | density | 0.003214 g/cm^3 (at 0 °C) | 2.13 g/cm^3 | | 1 g/cm^3 | 2.16 g/cm^3 | 2.536 g/cm^3 solubility in water | | soluble | insoluble | | soluble | soluble surface tension | | 0.07435 N/m | | 0.0728 N/m | | dynamic viscosity | | 0.004 Pa s (at 350 °C) | | 8.9×10^-4 Pa s (at 25 °C) | | odor | | | | odorless | odorless | odorless

Units

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