carbon vs tin vs lead

carbon (chemical element) | tin (chemical element) | lead (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| carbon | tin | lead atomic symbol | C | Sn | Pb atomic number | 6 | 50 | 82 short electronic configuration | [He]2s^22p^2 | [Kr]5s^24d^105p^2 | [Xe]6s^24f^145d^106p^2 Aufbau diagram | 2p 2s | 5p 4d 5s | 6p 5d 4f 6s block | p | p | p group | 14 | 14 | 14 period | 2 | 5 | 6 atomic mass | 12.011 u | 118.71 u | 207.2 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)

| carbon | tin | lead phase at STP | solid | solid | solid melting point | 3550 °C | 231.93 °C | 327.46 °C boiling point | 4027 °C | 2602 °C | 1749 °C molar heat of fusion | 105 kJ/mol | 7 kJ/mol | 4.77 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 715 kJ/mol | 290 kJ/mol | 178 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 710 J/(kg K) | 217 J/(kg K) | 127 J/(kg K) (properties at standard conditions)

| carbon | tin | lead density | 2.26 g/cm^3 | 7.31 g/cm^3 | 11.34 g/cm^3 liquid density | | 6.99 g/cm^3 | 10.66 g/cm^3 molar volume | 5.315 cm^3/mol | 16.24 cm^3/mol | 18.27 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 0.5 (between talc and gypsum) | 1.5 (between talc and gypsum) | 1.5 (between talc and gypsum) Brinell hardness | | 51 MPa | 38.3 MPa bulk modulus | 33 GPa | 58 GPa | 46 GPa shear modulus | | 18 GPa | 5.6 GPa Young's modulus | | 50 GPa | 16 GPa Poisson ratio | | 0.36 | 0.44 ultimate tensile strength | | 220 MPa | 18 MPa refractive index | 2.417 | (unknown) | sound speed | 18350 m/s | 2500 m/s | 1260 m/s thermal expansion | 7.1×10^-6 K^(-1) | 2.2×10^-5 K^(-1) | 2.89×10^-5 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | 140 W/(m K) | 67 W/(m K) | 35 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

| carbon | tin | lead electrical type | conductor | conductor | conductor resistivity | 1×10^-5 Ω m (ohm meters) | 1.1×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) | 2.1×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 100000 S/m (siemens per meter) | 9.1×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) | 4.8×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | diamagnetic | diamagnetic | diamagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | -1.4×10^-5 | -2.27×10^-5 | -1.7×10^-5 mass magnetic susceptibility | -6.2×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -3.1×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -1.5×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | -7.45×10^-11 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -3.68×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -3.11×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | 5 eV (Polycrystalline) | 4.42 eV (Polycrystalline) | 4.25 eV (Polycrystalline) threshold frequency | 1.209×10^15 Hz (hertz) | 1.069×10^15 Hz (hertz) | 1.028×10^15 Hz (hertz) superconducting point | | 3.72 K (kelvins) | 7.2 K (kelvins) color | (black) | (silver) | (slate gray) refractive index | 2.417 | (unknown) |

| carbon | tin | lead valence | 4 | 4 | 4 electronegativity | 2.55 | 1.96 | 2.33 electron affinity | 153.9 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 107.3 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 35.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 1086.5 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 708.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 715.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 1086.5 kJ/mol | 2352.6 kJ/mol | 4620.5 kJ/mol | 6222.7 kJ/mol | 37831 kJ/mol | 47277 kJ/mol | 708.6 kJ/mol | 1411.8 kJ/mol | 2943 kJ/mol | 3930.3 kJ/mol | 7456 kJ/mol | 715.6 kJ/mol | 1450.5 kJ/mol | 3081.5 kJ/mol | 4083 kJ/mol | 6640 kJ/mol

Reactivity

| carbon | tin | lead term symbol | ^3P_0 | ^3P_0 | ^3P_0 atomic radius | 70 pm | 145 pm | 180 pm covalent radius | 76 pm | 139 pm | 146 pm van der Waals radius | 170 pm | 217 pm | 202 pm (electronic ground state properties)

| carbon | tin | lead universe abundance | 0.5 mass% | 4×10^-7 mass% | 1×10^-6 mass% solar abundance | 0.3 mass% | 9×10^-7 mass% | 1×10^-6 mass% meteorite abundance | 1.5 mass% | 1.2×10^-4 mass% | 1.4×10^-4 mass% crust abundance | 0.18 mass% | 2.2×10^-4 mass% | 9.9×10^-4 mass% ocean abundance | 0.0028 mass% | 1×10^-9 mass% | 3×10^-9 mass% human abundance | 23 mass% | 2×10^-5 mass% | 1.7×10^-4 mass% universe molar abundance | 0.05 mol% | 4×10^-9 mol% | 6×10^-9 mol% solar molar abundance | 0.03 mol% | 9.9×10^-9 mol% | 7×10^-9 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 1.8 mol% | 1.7×10^-5 mol% | 1×10^-5 mol% ocean molar abundance | 0.0014 mol% | 5.2×10^-11 mol% | 9×10^-11 mol% crust molar abundance | 0.31 mol% | 3.8×10^-5 mol% | 9.9×10^-5 mol% human molar abundance | 12 mol% | 1.1×10^-6 mol% | 5×10^-6 mol%