chlorine vs bromine vs silicon

chlorine (chemical element) | bromine (chemical element) | silicon (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| chlorine | bromine | silicon atomic symbol | Cl | Br | Si atomic number | 17 | 35 | 14 short electronic configuration | [Ne]3s^23p^5 | [Ar]4s^23d^104p^5 | [Ne]3s^23p^2 Aufbau diagram | 3p 3s | 4p 3d 4s | 3p 3s block | p | p | p group | 17 | 17 | 14 period | 3 | 4 | 3 atomic mass | 35.45 u | 79.904 u | 28.085 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)

| chlorine | bromine | silicon phase at STP | gas | liquid | solid melting point | -101.5 °C | -7.3 °C | 1414 °C boiling point | -34.04 °C | 59 °C | 2900 °C critical temperature | 416.9 K | 588 K | critical pressure | 7.991 MPa | 10.34 MPa | molar heat of fusion | 3.2 kJ/mol | 5.8 kJ/mol | 50.2 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 10.2 kJ/mol | 14.8 kJ/mol | 359 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 478.2 J/(kg K) | 947.3 J/(kg K) | 710 J/(kg K) adiabatic index | 7/5 | | (properties at standard conditions)

| chlorine | bromine | silicon density | 0.003214 g/cm^3 | 3.12 g/cm^3 | 2.33 g/cm^3 liquid density | | 3.12 g/cm^3 | 2.57 g/cm^3 molar volume | 11030 cm^3/mol | 25.61 cm^3/mol | 12.05 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | | | 6.5 (between microcline and quartz) Vickers hardness | | | 9630 MPa bulk modulus | 1.1 GPa | 1.9 GPa | 100 GPa Young's modulus | | | 47 GPa refractive index | 1.000773 | 1.001132 | sound speed | 206 m/s | | 2200 m/s thermal expansion | | | 2.6×10^-6 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | 0.0089 W/(m K) | 0.12 W/(m K) | 150 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

| chlorine | bromine | silicon electrical type | insulator | insulator | semiconductor resistivity | 100 Ω m (ohm meters) | 1×10^10 Ω m (ohm meters) | 0.001 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 0.01 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1×10^-10 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1000 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | diamagnetic | diamagnetic | diamagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | -2.31×10^-8 | -1.53×10^-5 | -3.73×10^-6 mass magnetic susceptibility | -7.2×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -4.9×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -1.6×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | -5.11×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -7.83×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -4.49×10^-11 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | | | (4.6 to 4.91) eV threshold frequency | | | (1.112×10^15 to 1.187×10^15) Hz (hertz) color | (yellow) | (red) | (gray) refractive index | 1.000773 | 1.001132 |

| chlorine | bromine | silicon valence | 5 | 5 | 4 electronegativity | 3.16 | 2.96 | 1.9 electron affinity | 349 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 324.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 133.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 1251.2 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 1139.9 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 786.5 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 1251.2 kJ/mol | 2298 kJ/mol | 3822 kJ/mol | 5158.6 kJ/mol | 6542 kJ/mol | 9362 kJ/mol | 11018 kJ/mol | 33604 kJ/mol | 38600 kJ/mol | 43961 kJ/mol | 1139.9 kJ/mol | 2103 kJ/mol | 3470 kJ/mol | 4560 kJ/mol | 5760 kJ/mol | 8550 kJ/mol | 9940 kJ/mol | 18600 kJ/mol | 786.5 kJ/mol | 1577.1 kJ/mol | 3231.6 kJ/mol | 4355.5 kJ/mol | 16091 kJ/mol | 19805 kJ/mol | 23780 kJ/mol | 29287 kJ/mol | 33878 kJ/mol | 38726 kJ/mol

Reactivity

| chlorine | bromine | silicon term symbol | ^2P_(3/2) | ^2P_(3/2) | ^3P_0 atomic radius | 100 pm | 115 pm | 110 pm covalent radius | 102 pm | 120 pm | 111 pm van der Waals radius | 175 pm | 185 pm | 210 pm (electronic ground state properties)

| chlorine | bromine | silicon universe abundance | 1×10^-4 mass% | 7×10^-7 mass% | 0.07 mass% solar abundance | 8×10^-4 mass% | | 0.09 mass% meteorite abundance | 0.037 mass% | 1.2×10^-4 mass% | 14 mass% crust abundance | 0.017 mass% | 3×10^-4 mass% | 27 mass% ocean abundance | 2 mass% | 0.0067 mass% | 1×10^-4 mass% human abundance | 0.12 mass% | 2.9×10^-4 mass% | 0.026 mass% universe molar abundance | 4×10^-6 mol% | 1×10^-8 mol% | 0.003 mol% solar molar abundance | 3×10^-5 mol% | | 0.004 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 0.016 mol% | 2.3×10^-5 mol% | 10 mol% ocean molar abundance | 0.35 mol% | 5.2×10^-4 mol% | 2.2×10^-5 mol% crust molar abundance | 0.0099 mol% | 7.8×10^-5 mol% | 20 mol% human molar abundance | 0.021 mol% | 2.3×10^-5 mol% | 0.0058 mol%