Input interpretation
ammonia + bromine ⟶ nitrogen + ammonium bromide
Balanced equation
Balance the chemical equation algebraically: + ⟶ + Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 + c_2 ⟶ c_3 + c_4 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, N and Br: H: | 3 c_1 = 4 c_4 N: | c_1 = 2 c_3 + c_4 Br: | 2 c_2 = c_4 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_3 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 8 c_2 = 3 c_3 = 1 c_4 = 6 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | 8 + 3 ⟶ + 6
Structures
+ ⟶ +
Names
ammonia + bromine ⟶ nitrogen + ammonium bromide
Reaction thermodynamics
Enthalpy
| ammonia | bromine | nitrogen | ammonium bromide molecular enthalpy | -45.9 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol | -270.8 kJ/mol total enthalpy | -367.2 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol | -1625 kJ/mol | H_initial = -367.2 kJ/mol | | H_final = -1625 kJ/mol | ΔH_rxn^0 | -1625 kJ/mol - -367.2 kJ/mol = -1258 kJ/mol (exothermic) | | |
Gibbs free energy
| ammonia | bromine | nitrogen | ammonium bromide molecular free energy | -16.4 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol | -175.2 kJ/mol total free energy | -131.2 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol | -1051 kJ/mol | G_initial = -131.2 kJ/mol | | G_final = -1051 kJ/mol | ΔG_rxn^0 | -1051 kJ/mol - -131.2 kJ/mol = -920 kJ/mol (exergonic) | | |
Chemical names and formulas
| ammonia | bromine | nitrogen | ammonium bromide Hill formula | H_3N | Br_2 | N_2 | BrH_4N name | ammonia | bromine | nitrogen | ammonium bromide IUPAC name | ammonia | molecular bromine | molecular nitrogen |
Substance properties
| ammonia | bromine | nitrogen | ammonium bromide molar mass | 17.031 g/mol | 159.81 g/mol | 28.014 g/mol | 97.94 g/mol phase | gas (at STP) | liquid (at STP) | gas (at STP) | solid (at STP) melting point | -77.73 °C | -7.2 °C | -210 °C | 452 °C boiling point | -33.33 °C | 58.8 °C | -195.79 °C | density | 6.96×10^-4 g/cm^3 (at 25 °C) | 3.119 g/cm^3 | 0.001251 g/cm^3 (at 0 °C) | 2.43 g/cm^3 solubility in water | | insoluble | insoluble | surface tension | 0.0234 N/m | 0.0409 N/m | 0.0066 N/m | dynamic viscosity | 1.009×10^-5 Pa s (at 25 °C) | 9.44×10^-4 Pa s (at 25 °C) | 1.78×10^-5 Pa s (at 25 °C) | odor | | | odorless |
Units
