sodium vs sulfur vs magnesium vs silicon

sodium (chemical element) | sulfur (chemical element) | magnesium (chemical element) | silicon (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| atomic symbol | atomic number | short electronic configuration sodium | Na | 11 | [Ne]3s^1 sulfur | S | 16 | [Ne]3s^23p^4 magnesium | Mg | 12 | [Ne]3s^2 silicon | Si | 14 | [Ne]3s^23p^2 | Aufbau diagram | block | group sodium | 3s | s | 1 sulfur | 3p 3s | p | 16 magnesium | 3s | s | 2 silicon | 3p 3s | p | 14 | period | atomic mass | half-life sodium | 3 | 22.98976928 u | (stable) sulfur | 3 | 32.06 u | (stable) magnesium | 3 | 24.305 u | (stable) silicon | 3 | 28.085 u | (stable)

phase at STP | all | solid melting point | median | 383 °C | highest | 1414 °C (silicon) | lowest | 97.72 °C (sodium) | distribution | boiling point | median | 986 °C | highest | 2900 °C (silicon) | lowest | 444.72 °C (sulfur) | distribution | molar heat of fusion | median | 5.6 kJ/mol | highest | 50.2 kJ/mol (silicon) | lowest | 1.73 kJ/mol (sulfur) molar heat of vaporization | median | 113 kJ/mol | highest | 359 kJ/mol (silicon) | lowest | 9.8 kJ/mol (sulfur) | distribution | specific heat at STP | median | 865 J/(kg K) | highest | 1230 J/(kg K) (sodium) | lowest | 705 J/(kg K) (sulfur) | distribution | (properties at standard conditions)

density | median | 1.849 g/cm^3 | highest | 2.33 g/cm^3 (silicon) | lowest | 0.968 g/cm^3 (sodium) | distribution | liquid density | median | 1.702 g/cm^3 | highest | 2.57 g/cm^3 (silicon) | lowest | 0.927 g/cm^3 (sodium) | distribution | molar volume | median | 15.17 cm^3/mol | highest | 23.7 cm^3/mol (sodium) | lowest | 12.05 cm^3/mol (silicon) | distribution | Mohs hardness | median | 2.3 | highest | 6.5 (between microcline and quartz) (silicon) | lowest | 0.5 (between talc and gypsum) (sodium) | distribution | Vickers hardness | all | 9630 MPa Brinell hardness | all | 0.69 MPa | 260 MPa bulk modulus | median | 26 GPa | highest | 100 GPa (silicon) | lowest | 6.3 GPa (sodium) | distribution | Young's modulus | median | 45 GPa | highest | 47 GPa (silicon) | lowest | 10 GPa (sodium) Poisson ratio | all | 0.29 ultimate tensile strength | all | 10 MPa sound speed | median | 3200 m/s | highest | 4602 m/s (magnesium) | lowest | 2200 m/s (silicon) | distribution | thermal expansion | median | 2.5×10^-5 K^(-1) | highest | 7.1×10^-5 K^(-1) (sodium) | lowest | 2.6×10^-6 K^(-1) (silicon) thermal conductivity | median | 145 W/(m K) | highest | 160 W/(m K) (magnesium) | lowest | 0.205 W/(m K) (sulfur) | distribution | (properties at standard conditions)

resistivity | median | 5×10^-4 Ω m (ohm meters) | highest | 1×10^15 Ω m (ohm meters) (sulfur) | lowest | 4.4×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) (magnesium) electrical conductivity | median | 1.1×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | highest | 2.3×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) (magnesium) | lowest | 1×10^-15 S/m (siemens per meter) (sulfur) volume magnetic susceptibility | median | 2.4×10^-6 | highest | 1.2×10^-5 (magnesium) | lowest | -1.22×10^-5 (sulfur) | distribution | mass magnetic susceptibility | median | 2.65×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | highest | 8.8×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) (sodium) | lowest | -6.2×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) (sulfur) | distribution | molar magnetic susceptibility | median | 6.2×10^-11 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | highest | 2×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) (sodium) | lowest | -1.99×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) (sulfur) | distribution | work function | all | 2.36 eV | 3.66 eV | (4.6 to 4.91) eV

valence | median | 3 | highest | 6 (sulfur) | lowest | 1 (sodium) | distribution | electronegativity | median | 1.6 | highest | 2.58 (sulfur) | lowest | 0.93 (sodium) | distribution | electron affinity | median | 93.2 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | highest | 200 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (sulfur) | lowest | 0 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (magnesium) | distribution | first ionization energy | median | 762.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | highest | 999.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (sulfur) | lowest | 495.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (sodium) | distribution |

term symbol | all | ^1S_0 | ^2S_(1/2) | ^3P_0 | ^3P_2 atomic radius | median | 130 pm | highest | 180 pm (sodium) | lowest | 100 pm (sulfur) | distribution | covalent radius | median | 126 pm | highest | 166 pm (sodium) | lowest | 105 pm (sulfur) | distribution | van der Waals radius | median | 195 pm | highest | 227 pm (sodium) | lowest | 173 pm (magnesium) | distribution | (electronic ground state properties)

universe abundance | median | 0.055 mass% | highest | 0.07 mass% (silicon) | lowest | 0.002 mass% (sodium) solar abundance | median | 0.055 mass% | highest | 0.09 mass% (silicon) | lowest | 0.004 mass% (sodium) | distribution | meteorite abundance | median | 8 mass% | highest | 14 mass% (silicon) | lowest | 0.55 mass% (sodium) crust abundance | median | 2.6 mass% | highest | 27 mass% (silicon) | lowest | 0.042 mass% (sulfur) ocean abundance | median | 0.11 mass% | highest | 1.1 mass% (sodium) | lowest | 1×10^-4 mass% (silicon) human abundance | median | 0.084 mass% | highest | 0.2 mass% (sulfur) | lowest | 0.026 mass% (silicon) | distribution | universe molar abundance | median | 0.0025 mol% | highest | 0.003 mol% (magnesium and silicon) | lowest | 1×10^-4 mol% (sodium) | distribution | solar molar abundance | median | 0.002 mol% | highest | 0.004 mol% (silicon) | lowest | 2×10^-4 mol% (sodium) meteorite molar abundance | median | 6.1 mol% | highest | 10 mol% (magnesium and silicon) | lowest | 0.48 mol% (sodium) ocean molar abundance | median | 0.026 mol% | highest | 0.3 mol% (sodium) | lowest | 2.2×10^-5 mol% (silicon) crust molar abundance | median | 2.3 mol% | highest | 20 mol% (silicon) | lowest | 0.027 mol% (sulfur) human molar abundance | median | 0.023 mol% | highest | 0.038 mol% (sodium and sulfur) | lowest | 0.0058 mol% (silicon)