ruthenium vs iron vs osmium vs tantalum

ruthenium (chemical element) | iron (chemical element) | osmium (chemical element) | tantalum (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| atomic symbol | atomic number | short electronic configuration ruthenium | Ru | 44 | [Kr]5s^14d^7 iron | Fe | 26 | [Ar]4s^23d^6 osmium | Os | 76 | [Xe]6s^24f^145d^6 tantalum | Ta | 73 | [Xe]6s^24f^145d^3 | Aufbau diagram | block | group ruthenium | 4d 5s | d | 8 iron | 3d 4s | d | 8 osmium | 5d 4f 6s | d | 8 tantalum | 5d 4f 6s | d | 5 | period | atomic mass | half-life ruthenium | 5 | 101.07 u | (stable) iron | 4 | 55.845 u | (stable) osmium | 6 | 190.23 u | (stable) tantalum | 6 | 180.94788 u | (stable)

phase at STP | all | solid melting point | median | 2676 °C | highest | 3033 °C (osmium) | lowest | 1538 °C (iron) | distribution | boiling point | median | 4581 °C | highest | 5458 °C (tantalum) | lowest | 2861 °C (iron) | distribution | molar heat of fusion | median | 28 kJ/mol | highest | 36 kJ/mol (tantalum) | lowest | 13.8 kJ/mol (iron) | distribution | molar heat of vaporization | median | 605 kJ/mol | highest | 735 kJ/mol (tantalum) | lowest | 347 kJ/mol (iron) | distribution | specific heat at STP | median | 189 J/(kg K) | highest | 449 J/(kg K) (iron) | lowest | 130 J/(kg K) (osmium) | distribution | (properties at standard conditions)

density | median | 14.51 g/cm^3 | highest | 22.59 g/cm^3 (osmium) | lowest | 7.874 g/cm^3 (iron) | distribution | liquid density | median | 12.825 g/cm^3 | highest | 20 g/cm^3 (osmium) | lowest | 6.98 g/cm^3 (iron) | distribution | molar volume | median | 8.296 cm^3/mol | highest | 10.868 cm^3/mol (tantalum) | lowest | 7.092 cm^3/mol (iron) | distribution | Mohs hardness | median | 6.5 | highest | 7 (≈ quartz) (osmium) | lowest | 4 (≈ fluorite) (iron) | distribution | Vickers hardness | all | 608 MPa | 873 MPa | 2300 MPa | 4140 MPa Brinell hardness | all | 490 MPa | 800 MPa | 2160 MPa | 3920 MPa bulk modulus | median | 200 GPa | highest | 220 GPa (ruthenium) | lowest | 170 GPa (iron) | distribution | shear modulus | median | 127 GPa | highest | 222 GPa (osmium) | lowest | 69 GPa (tantalum) | distribution | Young's modulus | median | 211 GPa | highest | 447 GPa (ruthenium) | lowest | 186 GPa (tantalum) | distribution | Poisson ratio | all | 0.25 | 0.29 | 0.3 | 0.34 sound speed | median | 4925 m/s | highest | 5970 m/s (ruthenium) | lowest | 3400 m/s (tantalum) | distribution | thermal expansion | median | 6.4×10^-6 K^(-1) | highest | 1.18×10^-5 K^(-1) (iron) | lowest | 5.1×10^-6 K^(-1) (osmium) | distribution | thermal conductivity | median | 84 W/(m K) | highest | 120 W/(m K) (ruthenium) | lowest | 57 W/(m K) (tantalum) | distribution | (properties at standard conditions)

resistivity | median | 8.9×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | highest | 1.3×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) (tantalum) | lowest | 7.1×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) (ruthenium) | distribution | electrical conductivity | median | 1.1×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | highest | 1.4×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) (ruthenium) | lowest | 7.7×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) (tantalum) | distribution | volume magnetic susceptibility | median | 6.7×10^-5 | highest | 1.782×10^-4 (tantalum) | lowest | 1.4×10^-5 (osmium) | distribution | mass magnetic susceptibility | median | 5.42×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | highest | 1.07×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) (tantalum) | lowest | 6×10^-10 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) (osmium) | distribution | molar magnetic susceptibility | median | 5.48×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | highest | 1.936×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) (tantalum) | lowest | 1.1×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) (osmium) | distribution | work function | all | 4.71 eV | 5.93 eV | (4 to 4.8) eV | (4.67 to 4.81) eV superconducting point | median | 0.66 K (kelvins) | highest | 4.47 K (kelvins) (tantalum) | lowest | 0.49 K (kelvins) (ruthenium)

valence | median | 5.5 | highest | 6 (ruthenium and osmium) | lowest | 3 (iron) | distribution | electronegativity | median | 2 | highest | 2.2 (ruthenium and osmium) | lowest | 1.5 (tantalum) | distribution | electron affinity | median | 66 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | highest | 106.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (osmium) | lowest | 15.7 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (iron) | distribution | first ionization energy | median | 762 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | highest | 840 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (osmium) | lowest | 710.2 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (ruthenium) | distribution |

term symbol | all | ^4F_(3/2) | ^5D_4 | ^5F_5 atomic radius | median | 135 pm | highest | 145 pm (tantalum) | lowest | 130 pm (ruthenium and osmium) | distribution | covalent radius | median | 145 pm | highest | 170 pm (tantalum) | lowest | 132 pm (iron) | distribution | (electronic ground state properties)

universe abundance | median | 3.5×10^-7 mass% | highest | 0.11 mass% (iron) | lowest | 8×10^-9 mass% (tantalum) solar abundance | median | 5×10^-7 mass% | highest | 0.1 mass% (iron) | lowest | 2×10^-7 mass% (osmium) meteorite abundance | median | 7.3×10^-5 mass% | highest | 22 mass% (iron) | lowest | 2×10^-6 mass% (tantalum) crust abundance | median | 8.5×10^-5 mass% | highest | 6.3 mass% (iron) | lowest | 9.9×10^-8 mass% (ruthenium) ocean abundance | median | 2×10^-10 mass% | highest | 3×10^-7 mass% (iron) | lowest | 7×10^-11 mass% (ruthenium) universe molar abundance | median | 3.5×10^-9 mol% | highest | 0.002 mol% (iron) | lowest | 6×10^-11 mol% (tantalum) solar molar abundance | median | 6×10^-9 mol% | highest | 0.003 mol% (iron) | lowest | 2×10^-9 mol% (osmium) meteorite molar abundance | median | 1.2×10^-5 mol% | highest | 7.8 mol% (iron) | lowest | 2×10^-7 mol% (tantalum) ocean molar abundance | median | 6.8×10^-12 mol% | highest | 3.3×10^-8 mol% (iron) | lowest | 4.3×10^-12 mol% (ruthenium) crust molar abundance | median | 9.5×10^-6 mol% | highest | 2.3 mol% (iron) | lowest | 2×10^-8 mol% (ruthenium and osmium)