calcium vs magnesium vs americium vs ruthenium

calcium (chemical element) | magnesium (chemical element) | americium (chemical element) | ruthenium (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| atomic symbol | atomic number | short electronic configuration calcium | Ca | 20 | [Ar]4s^2 magnesium | Mg | 12 | [Ne]3s^2 americium | Am | 95 | [Rn]7s^25f^7 ruthenium | Ru | 44 | [Kr]5s^14d^7 | Aufbau diagram | block | group calcium | 4s | s | 2 magnesium | 3s | s | 2 americium | 5f 7s | f | ruthenium | 4d 5s | d | 8 | period | atomic mass | half-life calcium | 4 | 40.078 u | (stable) magnesium | 3 | 24.305 u | (stable) americium | 7 | 243 u | 7390 yr ruthenium | 5 | 101.07 u | (stable)

phase at STP | all | solid melting point | median | 1009 °C | highest | 2334 °C (ruthenium) | lowest | 650 °C (magnesium) | distribution | boiling point | median | 1748 °C | highest | 4150 °C (ruthenium) | lowest | 1090 °C (magnesium) | distribution | molar heat of fusion | median | 8.7 kJ/mol | highest | 25.7 kJ/mol (ruthenium) | lowest | 8.54 kJ/mol (calcium) molar heat of vaporization | median | 155 kJ/mol | highest | 580 kJ/mol (ruthenium) | lowest | 128 kJ/mol (magnesium) specific heat at STP | median | 631 J/(kg K) | highest | 1020 J/(kg K) (magnesium) | lowest | 238 J/(kg K) (ruthenium) | distribution | (properties at standard conditions)

density | median | 7.054 g/cm^3 | highest | 13.67 g/cm^3 (americium) | lowest | 1.55 g/cm^3 (calcium) liquid density | median | 1.584 g/cm^3 | highest | 10.65 g/cm^3 (ruthenium) | lowest | 1.378 g/cm^3 (calcium) molar volume | median | 15.9 cm^3/mol | highest | 25.86 cm^3/mol (calcium) | lowest | 8.171 cm^3/mol (ruthenium) | distribution | Mohs hardness | median | 2.5 | highest | 6.5 (between microcline and quartz) (ruthenium) | lowest | 1.75 (between gypsum and talc) (calcium) | distribution | Vickers hardness | all | 2300 MPa Brinell hardness | all | 167 MPa | 260 MPa | 2160 MPa bulk modulus | median | 45 GPa | highest | 220 GPa (ruthenium) | lowest | 17 GPa (calcium) shear modulus | median | 17 GPa | highest | 173 GPa (ruthenium) | lowest | 7.4 GPa (calcium) Young's modulus | median | 45 GPa | highest | 447 GPa (ruthenium) | lowest | 20 GPa (calcium) Poisson ratio | all | 0.29 | 0.3 | 0.31 sound speed | median | 4602 m/s | highest | 5970 m/s (ruthenium) | lowest | 3810 m/s (calcium) | distribution | thermal expansion | median | 2.23×10^-5 K^(-1) | highest | 2.5×10^-5 K^(-1) (magnesium) | lowest | 6.4×10^-6 K^(-1) (ruthenium) thermal conductivity | median | 140 W/(m K) | highest | 200 W/(m K) (calcium) | lowest | 10 W/(m K) (americium) | distribution | (properties at standard conditions)

resistivity | median | 4.4×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | highest | 7.1×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) (ruthenium) | lowest | 3.4×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) (calcium) | distribution | electrical conductivity | median | 2.3×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | highest | 2.9×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) (calcium) | lowest | 1.4×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) (ruthenium) | distribution | volume magnetic susceptibility | median | 4.42×10^-5 | highest | 7.04×10^-4 (americium) | lowest | 1.2×10^-5 (magnesium) mass magnetic susceptibility | median | 1.03×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | highest | 5.15×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) (americium) | lowest | 5.42×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) (ruthenium) molar magnetic susceptibility | median | 5.51×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | highest | 1.251×10^-8 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) (americium) | lowest | 1.68×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) (magnesium) work function | all | 2.87 eV | 3.66 eV | 4.71 eV

valence | median | 3 | highest | 6 (ruthenium) | lowest | 2 (calcium and magnesium) | distribution | electronegativity | median | 1.3 | highest | 2.2 (ruthenium) | lowest | 1 (calcium) electron affinity | median | 2.37 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | highest | 101.3 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (ruthenium) | lowest | 0 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (magnesium) first ionization energy | median | 650 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | highest | 737.7 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (magnesium) | lowest | 578 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (americium)

term symbol | all | ^1S_0 | ^5F_5 | ^8S_(7/2) atomic radius | median | 163 pm | highest | 180 pm (calcium) | lowest | 130 pm (ruthenium) | distribution | covalent radius | median | 161 pm | highest | 180 pm (americium) | lowest | 141 pm (magnesium) | distribution | (electronic ground state properties)

universe abundance | median | 0.007 mass% | highest | 0.06 mass% (magnesium) | lowest | 4×10^-7 mass% (ruthenium) solar abundance | median | 0.0035 mass% | highest | 0.07 mass% (magnesium) | lowest | 0 mass% (americium) meteorite abundance | median | 0.55 mass% | highest | 12 mass% (magnesium) | lowest | 0 mass% (americium) crust abundance | median | 1.5 mass% | highest | 5 mass% (calcium) | lowest | 0 mass% (americium) | distribution | ocean abundance | median | 2.1×10^-4 mass% | highest | 0.13 mass% (magnesium) | lowest | 0 mass% (americium) human abundance | median | 0.027 mass% | highest | 1.4 mass% (calcium) | lowest | 0 mass% (americium) universe molar abundance | median | 2×10^-4 mol% | highest | 0.003 mol% (magnesium) | lowest | 5×10^-9 mol% (ruthenium) solar molar abundance | median | 1×10^-4 mol% | highest | 0.003 mol% (magnesium) | lowest | 0 mol% (americium) meteorite molar abundance | median | 0.26 mol% | highest | 10 mol% (magnesium) | lowest | 0 mol% (americium) ocean molar abundance | median | 3.3×10^-5 mol% | highest | 0.034 mol% (magnesium) | lowest | 0 mol% (americium) crust molar abundance | median | 1.3 mol% | highest | 2.6 mol% (calcium) | lowest | 0 mol% (americium) human molar abundance | median | 0.007 mol% | highest | 0.22 mol% (calcium) | lowest | 0 mol% (americium)