group 14 elements

group 14 elements

carbon | silicon | germanium | tin | lead | flerovium (total: 6)

Periodic table location

Images

| atomic symbol | atomic number | short electronic configuration carbon | C | 6 | [He]2s^22p^2 silicon | Si | 14 | [Ne]3s^23p^2 germanium | Ge | 32 | [Ar]4s^23d^104p^2 tin | Sn | 50 | [Kr]5s^24d^105p^2 lead | Pb | 82 | [Xe]6s^24f^145d^106p^2 flerovium | Fl | 114 | [Rn]7s^25f^146d^107p^2 | Aufbau diagram | block | group carbon | 2p 2s | p | 14 silicon | 3p 3s | p | 14 germanium | 4p 3d 4s | p | 14 tin | 5p 4d 5s | p | 14 lead | 6p 5d 4f 6s | p | 14 flerovium | 7p 6d 5f 7s | p | 14 | period | atomic mass | half-life carbon | 2 | 12.011 u | (stable) silicon | 3 | 28.085 u | (stable) germanium | 4 | 72.63 u | (stable) tin | 5 | 118.71 u | (stable) lead | 6 | 207.2 u | (stable) flerovium | 7 | 289 u | 80 s

phase at STP | all | solid melting point | median | 938.3 °C | highest | 3550 °C (carbon) | lowest | 231.93 °C (tin) | distribution | boiling point | median | 2820 °C | highest | 4027 °C (carbon) | lowest | 1749 °C (lead) | distribution | molar heat of fusion | median | 31.8 kJ/mol | highest | 105 kJ/mol (carbon) | lowest | 4.77 kJ/mol (lead) | distribution | molar heat of vaporization | median | 334 kJ/mol | highest | 715 kJ/mol (carbon) | lowest | 178 kJ/mol (lead) | distribution | specific heat at STP | median | 321.4 J/(kg K) | highest | 710 J/(kg K) (carbon and silicon) | lowest | 127 J/(kg K) (lead) | distribution | (properties at standard conditions)

density | median | 5.323 g/cm^3 | highest | 11.34 g/cm^3 (lead) | lowest | 2.26 g/cm^3 (carbon) | distribution | liquid density | median | 6.295 g/cm^3 | highest | 10.66 g/cm^3 (lead) | lowest | 2.57 g/cm^3 (silicon) | distribution | molar volume | median | 13.64 cm^3/mol | highest | 18.27 cm^3/mol (lead) | lowest | 5.315 cm^3/mol (carbon) | distribution | Mohs hardness | median | 1.5 | highest | 6.5 (between microcline and quartz) (silicon) | lowest | 0.5 (between talc and gypsum) (carbon) Vickers hardness | all | 8010 MPa | 9630 MPa Brinell hardness | all | 38.3 MPa | 51 MPa | 7270 MPa bulk modulus | median | 52 GPa | highest | 100 GPa (silicon) | lowest | 33 GPa (carbon) | distribution | Young's modulus | median | 47 GPa | highest | 50 GPa (tin) | lowest | 16 GPa (lead) | distribution | Poisson ratio | all | 0.36 | 0.44 ultimate tensile strength | all | 18 MPa | 220 MPa sound speed | median | 2500 m/s | highest | 18350 m/s (carbon) | lowest | 1260 m/s (lead) | distribution | thermal expansion | median | 7.1×10^-6 K^(-1) | highest | 2.89×10^-5 K^(-1) (lead) | lowest | 2.6×10^-6 K^(-1) (silicon) thermal conductivity | median | 67 W/(m K) | highest | 150 W/(m K) (silicon) | lowest | 35 W/(m K) (lead) | distribution | (properties at standard conditions)

resistivity | median | 1×10^-5 Ω m (ohm meters) | highest | 0.001 Ω m (ohm meters) (silicon) | lowest | 1.1×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) (tin) | distribution | electrical conductivity | median | 100000 S/m (siemens per meter) | highest | 9.1×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) (tin) | lowest | 1000 S/m (siemens per meter) (silicon) | distribution | volume magnetic susceptibility | median | -1.4×10^-5 | highest | -3.73×10^-6 (silicon) | lowest | -2.27×10^-5 (tin) | distribution | mass magnetic susceptibility | median | -1.6×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | highest | -1.5×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) (germanium and lead) | lowest | -6.2×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) (carbon) | distribution | molar magnetic susceptibility | median | -1.09×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | highest | -4.49×10^-11 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) (silicon) | lowest | -3.68×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) (tin) | distribution | work function | all | 4.25 eV | 4.42 eV | 5 eV | (4.6 to 4.91) eV

valence | median | 4 | highest | 4 (5 elements) | lowest | 4 (5 elements) electronegativity | median | 2.01 | highest | 2.55 (carbon) | lowest | 1.9 (silicon) | distribution | electron affinity | median | 119 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | highest | 153.9 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (carbon) | lowest | 35.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (lead) | distribution | first ionization energy | median | 762 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | highest | 1086.5 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (carbon) | lowest | 708.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (tin)

term symbol | all | ^3P_0 atomic radius | median | 125 pm | highest | 180 pm (lead) | lowest | 70 pm (carbon) | distribution | covalent radius | median | 120 pm | highest | 146 pm (lead) | lowest | 76 pm (carbon) | distribution | van der Waals radius | median | 206 pm | highest | 217 pm (tin) | lowest | 170 pm (carbon) (electronic ground state properties)

universe abundance | median | 2×10^-5 mass% | highest | 0.5 mass% (carbon) | lowest | 4×10^-7 mass% (tin) solar abundance | median | 1.1×10^-5 mass% | highest | 0.3 mass% (carbon) | lowest | 0 mass% (flerovium) meteorite abundance | median | 0.0011 mass% | highest | 14 mass% (silicon) | lowest | 0 mass% (flerovium) crust abundance | median | 6.1×10^-4 mass% | highest | 27 mass% (silicon) | lowest | 0 mass% (flerovium) ocean abundance | median | 4.5×10^-9 mass% | highest | 0.0028 mass% (carbon) | lowest | 0 mass% (flerovium) human abundance | median | 1.7×10^-4 mass% | highest | 23 mass% (carbon) | lowest | 0 mass% (flerovium) universe molar abundance | median | 3×10^-7 mol% | highest | 0.05 mol% (carbon) | lowest | 4×10^-9 mol% (tin) solar molar abundance | median | 1.5×10^-7 mol% | highest | 0.03 mol% (carbon) | lowest | 0 mol% (flerovium) meteorite molar abundance | median | 2.5×10^-4 mol% | highest | 10 mol% (silicon) | lowest | 0 mol% (flerovium) ocean molar abundance | median | 3×10^-10 mol% | highest | 0.0014 mol% (carbon) | lowest | 0 mol% (flerovium) crust molar abundance | median | 6.9×10^-5 mol% | highest | 20 mol% (silicon) | lowest | 0 mol% (flerovium) human molar abundance | median | 5×10^-6 mol% | highest | 12 mol% (carbon) | lowest | 0 mol% (flerovium)