Input interpretation
![water + sodium chloride ⟶ chlorine + hydrogen + sodium hydroxide](../image_source/80565dcf7b7547740a0ea8195537b0b9.png)
water + sodium chloride ⟶ chlorine + hydrogen + sodium hydroxide
Balanced equation
![Balance the chemical equation algebraically: + ⟶ + + Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 + c_2 ⟶ c_3 + c_4 + c_5 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, O, Cl and Na: H: | 2 c_1 = 2 c_4 + c_5 O: | c_1 = c_5 Cl: | c_2 = 2 c_3 Na: | c_2 = c_5 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_3 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 2 c_2 = 2 c_3 = 1 c_4 = 1 c_5 = 2 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | 2 + 2 ⟶ + + 2](../image_source/4310fca601e448aab33b8166ade8e149.png)
Balance the chemical equation algebraically: + ⟶ + + Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 + c_2 ⟶ c_3 + c_4 + c_5 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, O, Cl and Na: H: | 2 c_1 = 2 c_4 + c_5 O: | c_1 = c_5 Cl: | c_2 = 2 c_3 Na: | c_2 = c_5 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_3 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 2 c_2 = 2 c_3 = 1 c_4 = 1 c_5 = 2 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | 2 + 2 ⟶ + + 2
Structures
![+ ⟶ + +](../image_source/c7017aab6477eccb2845d442d067f866.png)
+ ⟶ + +
Names
![water + sodium chloride ⟶ chlorine + hydrogen + sodium hydroxide](../image_source/761666bd4a7d4751650a9e4f79cd1ce3.png)
water + sodium chloride ⟶ chlorine + hydrogen + sodium hydroxide
Reaction thermodynamics
Enthalpy
![| water | sodium chloride | chlorine | hydrogen | sodium hydroxide molecular enthalpy | -285.8 kJ/mol | -411.2 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol | -425.8 kJ/mol total enthalpy | -571.7 kJ/mol | -822.4 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol | -851.6 kJ/mol | H_initial = -1394 kJ/mol | | H_final = -851.6 kJ/mol | | ΔH_rxn^0 | -851.6 kJ/mol - -1394 kJ/mol = 542.5 kJ/mol (endothermic) | | | |](../image_source/f1ad28c1e5b149a1ec5a2102183be4fd.png)
| water | sodium chloride | chlorine | hydrogen | sodium hydroxide molecular enthalpy | -285.8 kJ/mol | -411.2 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol | -425.8 kJ/mol total enthalpy | -571.7 kJ/mol | -822.4 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol | -851.6 kJ/mol | H_initial = -1394 kJ/mol | | H_final = -851.6 kJ/mol | | ΔH_rxn^0 | -851.6 kJ/mol - -1394 kJ/mol = 542.5 kJ/mol (endothermic) | | | |
Gibbs free energy
![| water | sodium chloride | chlorine | hydrogen | sodium hydroxide molecular free energy | -237.1 kJ/mol | -384.1 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol | -379.7 kJ/mol total free energy | -474.2 kJ/mol | -768.2 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol | -759.4 kJ/mol | G_initial = -1242 kJ/mol | | G_final = -759.4 kJ/mol | | ΔG_rxn^0 | -759.4 kJ/mol - -1242 kJ/mol = 483 kJ/mol (endergonic) | | | |](../image_source/64c46e9db078e95817a4241ec2aa5050.png)
| water | sodium chloride | chlorine | hydrogen | sodium hydroxide molecular free energy | -237.1 kJ/mol | -384.1 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol | -379.7 kJ/mol total free energy | -474.2 kJ/mol | -768.2 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol | -759.4 kJ/mol | G_initial = -1242 kJ/mol | | G_final = -759.4 kJ/mol | | ΔG_rxn^0 | -759.4 kJ/mol - -1242 kJ/mol = 483 kJ/mol (endergonic) | | | |
Entropy
![| water | sodium chloride | chlorine | hydrogen | sodium hydroxide molecular entropy | 69.91 J/(mol K) | 72 J/(mol K) | 223 J/(mol K) | 115 J/(mol K) | 64 J/(mol K) total entropy | 139.8 J/(mol K) | 144 J/(mol K) | 223 J/(mol K) | 115 J/(mol K) | 128 J/(mol K) | S_initial = 283.8 J/(mol K) | | S_final = 466 J/(mol K) | | ΔS_rxn^0 | 466 J/(mol K) - 283.8 J/(mol K) = 182.2 J/(mol K) (endoentropic) | | | |](../image_source/06f71ee9ac04ed94705e66ff86d22f40.png)
| water | sodium chloride | chlorine | hydrogen | sodium hydroxide molecular entropy | 69.91 J/(mol K) | 72 J/(mol K) | 223 J/(mol K) | 115 J/(mol K) | 64 J/(mol K) total entropy | 139.8 J/(mol K) | 144 J/(mol K) | 223 J/(mol K) | 115 J/(mol K) | 128 J/(mol K) | S_initial = 283.8 J/(mol K) | | S_final = 466 J/(mol K) | | ΔS_rxn^0 | 466 J/(mol K) - 283.8 J/(mol K) = 182.2 J/(mol K) (endoentropic) | | | |
Chemical names and formulas
![| water | sodium chloride | chlorine | hydrogen | sodium hydroxide Hill formula | H_2O | ClNa | Cl_2 | H_2 | HNaO name | water | sodium chloride | chlorine | hydrogen | sodium hydroxide IUPAC name | water | sodium chloride | molecular chlorine | molecular hydrogen | sodium hydroxide](../image_source/d5c0a00898b8b1858c755f31099e6687.png)
| water | sodium chloride | chlorine | hydrogen | sodium hydroxide Hill formula | H_2O | ClNa | Cl_2 | H_2 | HNaO name | water | sodium chloride | chlorine | hydrogen | sodium hydroxide IUPAC name | water | sodium chloride | molecular chlorine | molecular hydrogen | sodium hydroxide