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properties of nickel

Input interpretation

nickel (chemical element)
nickel (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Periodic table location
Periodic table location

Image

Image
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Basic elemental properties

atomic symbol | Ni atomic number | 28 short electronic configuration | [Ar]4s^23d^8 Aufbau diagram | 3d 4s block | d group | 10 period | 4 atomic mass | 58.6934 u (unified atomic mass units)
atomic symbol | Ni atomic number | 28 short electronic configuration | [Ar]4s^23d^8 Aufbau diagram | 3d 4s block | d group | 10 period | 4 atomic mass | 58.6934 u (unified atomic mass units)

Thermodynamic properties

phase at STP | solid melting point | 1455 °C (rank: 32nd) boiling point | 2913 °C (rank: 36th) molar heat of fusion | 17.2 kJ/mol (rank: 26th) molar heat of vaporization | 378 kJ/mol (rank: 26th) specific heat at STP | 445 J/(kg K) (rank: 28th) (properties at standard conditions)
phase at STP | solid melting point | 1455 °C (rank: 32nd) boiling point | 2913 °C (rank: 36th) molar heat of fusion | 17.2 kJ/mol (rank: 26th) molar heat of vaporization | 378 kJ/mol (rank: 26th) specific heat at STP | 445 J/(kg K) (rank: 28th) (properties at standard conditions)

Material properties

density | 8.908 g/cm^3 (rank: 34th) liquid density | 7.81 g/cm^3 molar volume | 6.589 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 4 (≈ fluorite) Vickers hardness | 638 MPa (rank: 23rd) Brinell hardness | 700 MPa (rank: 23rd) bulk modulus | 180 GPa (rank: 11th) shear modulus | 76 GPa Young's modulus | 200 GPa (rank: 12th) Poisson ratio | 0.31 (rank: 18th) tensile yield strength | 59 MPa (rank: 26th) ultimate tensile strength | 317 MPa (rank: 7th) sound speed | 4970 m/s (rank: 12th) thermal expansion | 1.34×10^-5 K^(-1) (rank: 23rd) thermal conductivity | 91 W/(m K) (rank: 21st) (properties at standard conditions)
density | 8.908 g/cm^3 (rank: 34th) liquid density | 7.81 g/cm^3 molar volume | 6.589 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 4 (≈ fluorite) Vickers hardness | 638 MPa (rank: 23rd) Brinell hardness | 700 MPa (rank: 23rd) bulk modulus | 180 GPa (rank: 11th) shear modulus | 76 GPa Young's modulus | 200 GPa (rank: 12th) Poisson ratio | 0.31 (rank: 18th) tensile yield strength | 59 MPa (rank: 26th) ultimate tensile strength | 317 MPa (rank: 7th) sound speed | 4970 m/s (rank: 12th) thermal expansion | 1.34×10^-5 K^(-1) (rank: 23rd) thermal conductivity | 91 W/(m K) (rank: 21st) (properties at standard conditions)

Electromagnetic properties

electrical type | conductor resistivity | 7×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 1.4×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | ferromagnetic Curie point | 631 K (kelvins) work function | (5.04 to 5.35) eV threshold frequency | (1.219×10^15 to 1.294×10^15) Hz (hertz) color | (gray) (work function range from 3 different crystalline orientations)
electrical type | conductor resistivity | 7×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 1.4×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | ferromagnetic Curie point | 631 K (kelvins) work function | (5.04 to 5.35) eV threshold frequency | (1.219×10^15 to 1.294×10^15) Hz (hertz) color | (gray) (work function range from 3 different crystalline orientations)

Reactivity

valence | 2 electronegativity | 1.91 electron affinity | 112 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 737.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 737.1 kJ/mol | 1753 kJ/mol | 3395 kJ/mol | 5300 kJ/mol | 7339 kJ/mol | 10400 kJ/mol | 12800 kJ/mol | 15600 kJ/mol | 18600 kJ/mol | 21670 kJ/mol | 30970 kJ/mol | 34000 kJ/mol | 37100 kJ/mol | 41500 kJ/mol | 44800 kJ/mol | 48100 kJ/mol | 55101 kJ/mol | 58570 kJ/mol | 148700 kJ/mol | 159000 kJ/mol | 169400 kJ/mol
valence | 2 electronegativity | 1.91 electron affinity | 112 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 737.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 737.1 kJ/mol | 1753 kJ/mol | 3395 kJ/mol | 5300 kJ/mol | 7339 kJ/mol | 10400 kJ/mol | 12800 kJ/mol | 15600 kJ/mol | 18600 kJ/mol | 21670 kJ/mol | 30970 kJ/mol | 34000 kJ/mol | 37100 kJ/mol | 41500 kJ/mol | 44800 kJ/mol | 48100 kJ/mol | 55101 kJ/mol | 58570 kJ/mol | 148700 kJ/mol | 159000 kJ/mol | 169400 kJ/mol
Reactivity
Reactivity

Atomic properties

term symbol | ^3F_4 atomic radius | 135 pm covalent radius | 124 pm van der Waals radius | 163 pm (electronic ground state properties)
term symbol | ^3F_4 atomic radius | 135 pm covalent radius | 124 pm van der Waals radius | 163 pm (electronic ground state properties)
(neutral nickel atomic spectrum)
(neutral nickel atomic spectrum)

Abundances

universe abundance | 0.006 mass% (rank: 13th) solar abundance | 0.008 mass% (rank: 11th) meteorite abundance | 1.3 mass% (rank: 8th) crust abundance | 0.0089 mass% (rank: 22nd) ocean abundance | 2×10^-7 mass% (rank: 29th) human abundance | 1×10^-5 mass% (rank: 28th) universe molar abundance | 1×10^-4 mol% (rank: 14th) solar molar abundance | 2×10^-4 mol% (rank: 15th) meteorite molar abundance | 0.44 mol% (rank: 11th) ocean molar abundance | 2.1×10^-8 mol% (rank: 39th) crust molar abundance | 0.0032 mol% (rank: 22nd) human molar abundance | 1.1×10^-6 mol% (rank: 28th)
universe abundance | 0.006 mass% (rank: 13th) solar abundance | 0.008 mass% (rank: 11th) meteorite abundance | 1.3 mass% (rank: 8th) crust abundance | 0.0089 mass% (rank: 22nd) ocean abundance | 2×10^-7 mass% (rank: 29th) human abundance | 1×10^-5 mass% (rank: 28th) universe molar abundance | 1×10^-4 mol% (rank: 14th) solar molar abundance | 2×10^-4 mol% (rank: 15th) meteorite molar abundance | 0.44 mol% (rank: 11th) ocean molar abundance | 2.1×10^-8 mol% (rank: 39th) crust molar abundance | 0.0032 mol% (rank: 22nd) human molar abundance | 1.1×10^-6 mol% (rank: 28th)

Nuclear properties

half-life | (stable) stable isotopes | Ni-58 (68.077%) | Ni-60 (26.223%) | Ni-62 (3.634%) | Ni-61 (1.14%) | Ni-64 (0.926%) nuclear spin | Ni-48: 0^+ | Ni-49: 7/2^- | Ni-50: 0^+ | Ni-51: 7/2^- | Ni-52: 0^+ | Ni-53: 7/2^- | Ni-54: 0^+ | Ni-55: 7/2^- | Ni-56: 0^+ | Ni-57: 3/2^- | Ni-58: 0^+ | Ni-59: 3/2^- | Ni-60: 0^+ | Ni-61: 3/2^- | Ni-62: 0^+ | Ni-63: 1/2^- | Ni-64: 0^+ | Ni-65: 5/2^- | Ni-66: 0^+ | Ni-67: 1/2^- | Ni-68: 0^+ | Ni-69: 9/2^+ | Ni-70: 0^+ | Ni-71: 1/2^- | Ni-72: 0^+ | Ni-73: 9/2^+ | Ni-74: 0^+ | Ni-75: 7/2^+ | Ni-76: 0^+ | Ni-77: 9/2^+ | Ni-78: 0^+ unstable isotopes | Ni-59 (76000 yr) | Ni-63 (100.1 yr) | Ni-56 (145.8 h) | Ni-66 (54.7 h) | Ni-57 (35.6 h) | Ni-65 (151.03 min) | Ni-68 (29 s) | Ni-67 (21 s) | Ni-69 (11.4 s) | Ni-70 (6 s) | Ni-71 (2.56 s) | Ni-72 (1.57 s) | Ni-73 (840 ms) | Ni-74 (680 ms) | Ni-75 (600 ms) | Ni-76 (238 ms) | Ni-55 (204.7 ms) | Ni-54 (104 ms) | Ni-53 (45 ms) | Ni-52 (38 ms) | Ni-50 (12 ms) | Ni-49 (7.5 ms) | Ni-48 (500 ns) | Ni-51 (200 ns) | Ni-78 (150 ns) | Ni-77 (150 ns) neutron cross-section | 4.5 b neutron mass absorption | 0.0026 m^2/kg
half-life | (stable) stable isotopes | Ni-58 (68.077%) | Ni-60 (26.223%) | Ni-62 (3.634%) | Ni-61 (1.14%) | Ni-64 (0.926%) nuclear spin | Ni-48: 0^+ | Ni-49: 7/2^- | Ni-50: 0^+ | Ni-51: 7/2^- | Ni-52: 0^+ | Ni-53: 7/2^- | Ni-54: 0^+ | Ni-55: 7/2^- | Ni-56: 0^+ | Ni-57: 3/2^- | Ni-58: 0^+ | Ni-59: 3/2^- | Ni-60: 0^+ | Ni-61: 3/2^- | Ni-62: 0^+ | Ni-63: 1/2^- | Ni-64: 0^+ | Ni-65: 5/2^- | Ni-66: 0^+ | Ni-67: 1/2^- | Ni-68: 0^+ | Ni-69: 9/2^+ | Ni-70: 0^+ | Ni-71: 1/2^- | Ni-72: 0^+ | Ni-73: 9/2^+ | Ni-74: 0^+ | Ni-75: 7/2^+ | Ni-76: 0^+ | Ni-77: 9/2^+ | Ni-78: 0^+ unstable isotopes | Ni-59 (76000 yr) | Ni-63 (100.1 yr) | Ni-56 (145.8 h) | Ni-66 (54.7 h) | Ni-57 (35.6 h) | Ni-65 (151.03 min) | Ni-68 (29 s) | Ni-67 (21 s) | Ni-69 (11.4 s) | Ni-70 (6 s) | Ni-71 (2.56 s) | Ni-72 (1.57 s) | Ni-73 (840 ms) | Ni-74 (680 ms) | Ni-75 (600 ms) | Ni-76 (238 ms) | Ni-55 (204.7 ms) | Ni-54 (104 ms) | Ni-53 (45 ms) | Ni-52 (38 ms) | Ni-50 (12 ms) | Ni-49 (7.5 ms) | Ni-48 (500 ns) | Ni-51 (200 ns) | Ni-78 (150 ns) | Ni-77 (150 ns) neutron cross-section | 4.5 b neutron mass absorption | 0.0026 m^2/kg

Identifiers

CAS number | 7440-02-0 PubChem CID number | 935
CAS number | 7440-02-0 PubChem CID number | 935

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