carbon vs scandium vs zirconium

carbon (chemical element) | scandium (chemical element) | zirconium (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| carbon | scandium | zirconium atomic symbol | C | Sc | Zr atomic number | 6 | 21 | 40 short electronic configuration | [He]2s^22p^2 | [Ar]4s^23d^1 | [Kr]5s^24d^2 Aufbau diagram | 2p 2s | 3d 4s | 4d 5s block | p | d | d group | 14 | 3 | 4 period | 2 | 4 | 5 atomic mass | 12.011 u | 44.955908 u | 91.224 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)

| carbon | scandium | zirconium phase at STP | solid | solid | solid melting point | 3550 °C | 1541 °C | 1855 °C boiling point | 4027 °C | 2830 °C | 4409 °C molar heat of fusion | 105 kJ/mol | 16 kJ/mol | 21 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 715 kJ/mol | 318 kJ/mol | 580 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 710 J/(kg K) | 567 J/(kg K) | 278 J/(kg K) (properties at standard conditions)

| carbon | scandium | zirconium density | 2.26 g/cm^3 | 2.985 g/cm^3 | 6.511 g/cm^3 liquid density | | 2.8 g/cm^3 | 5.8 g/cm^3 molar volume | 5.315 cm^3/mol | 15.06 cm^3/mol | 14.01 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 0.5 (between talc and gypsum) | | 5 (≈ apatite) Vickers hardness | | | 903 MPa Brinell hardness | | 750 MPa | 650 MPa bulk modulus | 33 GPa | 57 GPa | (unknown) shear modulus | | 29 GPa | 33 GPa Young's modulus | | 74 GPa | 68 GPa Poisson ratio | | 0.28 | 0.34 tensile yield strength | | 173 MPa | 230 MPa ultimate tensile strength | | 255 MPa | 330 MPa refractive index | 2.417 | | (unknown) sound speed | 18350 m/s | | 3800 m/s thermal expansion | 7.1×10^-6 K^(-1) | 1.02×10^-5 K^(-1) | 5.7×10^-6 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | 140 W/(m K) | 16 W/(m K) | 23 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

| carbon | scandium | zirconium electrical type | conductor | conductor | conductor resistivity | 1×10^-5 Ω m (ohm meters) | 5.5×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) | 4.2×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 100000 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1.8×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) | 2.4×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | diamagnetic | paramagnetic | paramagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | -1.4×10^-5 | 2.627×10^-4 | 1.09×10^-4 mass magnetic susceptibility | -6.2×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 8.8×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 1.68×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | -7.45×10^-11 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 3.956×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 1.53×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | 5 eV (Polycrystalline) | 3.5 eV (Polycrystalline) | 4.05 eV (Polycrystalline) threshold frequency | 1.209×10^15 Hz (hertz) | 8.463×10^14 Hz (hertz) | 9.793×10^14 Hz (hertz) superconducting point | | 0.05 K (kelvins) | 0.61 K (kelvins) color | (black) | (silver) | (silver) refractive index | 2.417 | | (unknown)

| carbon | scandium | zirconium valence | 4 | 3 | 4 electronegativity | 2.55 | 1.36 | 1.33 electron affinity | 153.9 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 18.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 41.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 1086.5 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 633.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 640.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 1086.5 kJ/mol | 2352.6 kJ/mol | 4620.5 kJ/mol | 6222.7 kJ/mol | 37831 kJ/mol | 47277 kJ/mol | 633.1 kJ/mol | 1235 kJ/mol | 2388.6 kJ/mol | 7090.6 kJ/mol | 8843 kJ/mol | 10679 kJ/mol | 13310 kJ/mol | 15250 kJ/mol | 17370 kJ/mol | 21726 kJ/mol | 24102 kJ/mol | 66320 kJ/mol | 73010 kJ/mol | 80160 kJ/mol | 89490 kJ/mol | 97400 kJ/mol | 105600 kJ/mol | 117000 kJ/mol | 124270 kJ/mol | 547530 kJ/mol | 582163 kJ/mol | 640.1 kJ/mol | 1270 kJ/mol | 2218 kJ/mol | 3313 kJ/mol | 7752 kJ/mol | 9500 kJ/mol

Reactivity

| carbon | scandium | zirconium term symbol | ^3P_0 | ^2D_(3/2) | ^3F_2 atomic radius | 70 pm | 160 pm | 155 pm covalent radius | 76 pm | 170 pm | 175 pm van der Waals radius | 170 pm | | (unknown) (electronic ground state properties)

| carbon | scandium | zirconium universe abundance | 0.5 mass% | 3×10^-6 mass% | 5×10^-6 mass% solar abundance | 0.3 mass% | 4×10^-6 mass% | 4×10^-6 mass% meteorite abundance | 1.5 mass% | 6.4×10^-4 mass% | 6.6×10^-4 mass% crust abundance | 0.18 mass% | 0.0026 mass% | 0.013 mass% ocean abundance | 0.0028 mass% | 1.5×10^-10 mass% | 2.6×10^-9 mass% human abundance | 23 mass% | | 5×10^-6 mass% universe molar abundance | 0.05 mol% | 1×10^-7 mol% | 7×10^-8 mol% solar molar abundance | 0.03 mol% | 9.9×10^-8 mol% | 5×10^-8 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 1.8 mol% | 2.9×10^-4 mol% | 1.6×10^-4 mol% ocean molar abundance | 0.0014 mol% | 2.1×10^-11 mol% | 1.8×10^-10 mol% crust molar abundance | 0.31 mol% | 0.0012 mol% | 0.003 mol% human molar abundance | 12 mol% | | 3×10^-7 mol%