H2O + S = O2 + H2S

H_2O water + S mixed sulfur ⟶ O_2 oxygen + H_2S hydrogen sulfide

Balance the chemical equation algebraically: H_2O + S ⟶ O_2 + H_2S Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 H_2O + c_2 S ⟶ c_3 O_2 + c_4 H_2S Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, O and S: H: | 2 c_1 = 2 c_4 O: | c_1 = 2 c_3 S: | c_2 = c_4 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_3 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 2 c_2 = 2 c_3 = 1 c_4 = 2 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | 2 H_2O + 2 S ⟶ O_2 + 2 H_2S

+ ⟶ +

water + mixed sulfur ⟶ oxygen + hydrogen sulfide

Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: H_2O + S ⟶ O_2 + H_2S Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 2 H_2O + 2 S ⟶ O_2 + 2 H_2S Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2O | 2 | -2 S | 2 | -2 O_2 | 1 | 1 H_2S | 2 | 2 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression H_2O | 2 | -2 | ([H2O])^(-2) S | 2 | -2 | ([S])^(-2) O_2 | 1 | 1 | [O2] H_2S | 2 | 2 | ([H2S])^2 The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([H2O])^(-2) ([S])^(-2) [O2] ([H2S])^2 = ([O2] ([H2S])^2)/(([H2O])^2 ([S])^2)

Construct the rate of reaction expression for: H_2O + S ⟶ O_2 + H_2S Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 2 H_2O + 2 S ⟶ O_2 + 2 H_2S Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2O | 2 | -2 S | 2 | -2 O_2 | 1 | 1 H_2S | 2 | 2 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term H_2O | 2 | -2 | -1/2 (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) S | 2 | -2 | -1/2 (Δ[S])/(Δt) O_2 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[O2])/(Δt) H_2S | 2 | 2 | 1/2 (Δ[H2S])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -1/2 (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) = -1/2 (Δ[S])/(Δt) = (Δ[O2])/(Δt) = 1/2 (Δ[H2S])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)

| water | mixed sulfur | oxygen | hydrogen sulfide formula | H_2O | S | O_2 | H_2S name | water | mixed sulfur | oxygen | hydrogen sulfide IUPAC name | water | sulfur | molecular oxygen | hydrogen sulfide

| water | mixed sulfur | oxygen | hydrogen sulfide molar mass | 18.015 g/mol | 32.06 g/mol | 31.998 g/mol | 34.08 g/mol phase | liquid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | gas (at STP) | gas (at STP) melting point | 0 °C | 112.8 °C | -218 °C | -85 °C boiling point | 99.9839 °C | 444.7 °C | -183 °C | -60 °C density | 1 g/cm^3 | 2.07 g/cm^3 | 0.001429 g/cm^3 (at 0 °C) | 0.001393 g/cm^3 (at 25 °C) surface tension | 0.0728 N/m | | 0.01347 N/m | dynamic viscosity | 8.9×10^-4 Pa s (at 25 °C) | | 2.055×10^-5 Pa s (at 25 °C) | 1.239×10^-5 Pa s (at 25 °C) odor | odorless | | odorless |