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Ca(OH)2 + (COOH)2 = H2O + Ca(COO)2

Input interpretation

Ca(OH)_2 calcium hydroxide + HO_2CCO_2H oxalic acid ⟶ H_2O water + CaC_2O_4 calcium oxalate
Ca(OH)_2 calcium hydroxide + HO_2CCO_2H oxalic acid ⟶ H_2O water + CaC_2O_4 calcium oxalate

Balanced equation

Balance the chemical equation algebraically: Ca(OH)_2 + HO_2CCO_2H ⟶ H_2O + CaC_2O_4 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 Ca(OH)_2 + c_2 HO_2CCO_2H ⟶ c_3 H_2O + c_4 CaC_2O_4 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for Ca, H, O and C: Ca: | c_1 = c_4 H: | 2 c_1 + 2 c_2 = 2 c_3 O: | 2 c_1 + 4 c_2 = c_3 + 4 c_4 C: | 2 c_2 = 2 c_4 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_1 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 1 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 2 c_4 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | Ca(OH)_2 + HO_2CCO_2H ⟶ 2 H_2O + CaC_2O_4
Balance the chemical equation algebraically: Ca(OH)_2 + HO_2CCO_2H ⟶ H_2O + CaC_2O_4 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 Ca(OH)_2 + c_2 HO_2CCO_2H ⟶ c_3 H_2O + c_4 CaC_2O_4 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for Ca, H, O and C: Ca: | c_1 = c_4 H: | 2 c_1 + 2 c_2 = 2 c_3 O: | 2 c_1 + 4 c_2 = c_3 + 4 c_4 C: | 2 c_2 = 2 c_4 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_1 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 1 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 2 c_4 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | Ca(OH)_2 + HO_2CCO_2H ⟶ 2 H_2O + CaC_2O_4

Structures

+ ⟶ +
+ ⟶ +

Names

calcium hydroxide + oxalic acid ⟶ water + calcium oxalate
calcium hydroxide + oxalic acid ⟶ water + calcium oxalate

Equilibrium constant

Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: Ca(OH)_2 + HO_2CCO_2H ⟶ H_2O + CaC_2O_4 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: Ca(OH)_2 + HO_2CCO_2H ⟶ 2 H_2O + CaC_2O_4 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i Ca(OH)_2 | 1 | -1 HO_2CCO_2H | 1 | -1 H_2O | 2 | 2 CaC_2O_4 | 1 | 1 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression Ca(OH)_2 | 1 | -1 | ([Ca(OH)2])^(-1) HO_2CCO_2H | 1 | -1 | ([HO2CCO2H])^(-1) H_2O | 2 | 2 | ([H2O])^2 CaC_2O_4 | 1 | 1 | [CaC2O4] The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([Ca(OH)2])^(-1) ([HO2CCO2H])^(-1) ([H2O])^2 [CaC2O4] = (([H2O])^2 [CaC2O4])/([Ca(OH)2] [HO2CCO2H])
Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: Ca(OH)_2 + HO_2CCO_2H ⟶ H_2O + CaC_2O_4 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: Ca(OH)_2 + HO_2CCO_2H ⟶ 2 H_2O + CaC_2O_4 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i Ca(OH)_2 | 1 | -1 HO_2CCO_2H | 1 | -1 H_2O | 2 | 2 CaC_2O_4 | 1 | 1 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression Ca(OH)_2 | 1 | -1 | ([Ca(OH)2])^(-1) HO_2CCO_2H | 1 | -1 | ([HO2CCO2H])^(-1) H_2O | 2 | 2 | ([H2O])^2 CaC_2O_4 | 1 | 1 | [CaC2O4] The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([Ca(OH)2])^(-1) ([HO2CCO2H])^(-1) ([H2O])^2 [CaC2O4] = (([H2O])^2 [CaC2O4])/([Ca(OH)2] [HO2CCO2H])

Rate of reaction

Construct the rate of reaction expression for: Ca(OH)_2 + HO_2CCO_2H ⟶ H_2O + CaC_2O_4 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: Ca(OH)_2 + HO_2CCO_2H ⟶ 2 H_2O + CaC_2O_4 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i Ca(OH)_2 | 1 | -1 HO_2CCO_2H | 1 | -1 H_2O | 2 | 2 CaC_2O_4 | 1 | 1 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term Ca(OH)_2 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[Ca(OH)2])/(Δt) HO_2CCO_2H | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[HO2CCO2H])/(Δt) H_2O | 2 | 2 | 1/2 (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) CaC_2O_4 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[CaC2O4])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -(Δ[Ca(OH)2])/(Δt) = -(Δ[HO2CCO2H])/(Δt) = 1/2 (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) = (Δ[CaC2O4])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)
Construct the rate of reaction expression for: Ca(OH)_2 + HO_2CCO_2H ⟶ H_2O + CaC_2O_4 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: Ca(OH)_2 + HO_2CCO_2H ⟶ 2 H_2O + CaC_2O_4 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i Ca(OH)_2 | 1 | -1 HO_2CCO_2H | 1 | -1 H_2O | 2 | 2 CaC_2O_4 | 1 | 1 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term Ca(OH)_2 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[Ca(OH)2])/(Δt) HO_2CCO_2H | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[HO2CCO2H])/(Δt) H_2O | 2 | 2 | 1/2 (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) CaC_2O_4 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[CaC2O4])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -(Δ[Ca(OH)2])/(Δt) = -(Δ[HO2CCO2H])/(Δt) = 1/2 (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) = (Δ[CaC2O4])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)

Chemical names and formulas

| calcium hydroxide | oxalic acid | water | calcium oxalate formula | Ca(OH)_2 | HO_2CCO_2H | H_2O | CaC_2O_4 Hill formula | CaH_2O_2 | C_2H_2O_4 | H_2O | C_2CaO_4 name | calcium hydroxide | oxalic acid | water | calcium oxalate IUPAC name | calcium dihydroxide | oxalic acid | water | calcium oxalate
| calcium hydroxide | oxalic acid | water | calcium oxalate formula | Ca(OH)_2 | HO_2CCO_2H | H_2O | CaC_2O_4 Hill formula | CaH_2O_2 | C_2H_2O_4 | H_2O | C_2CaO_4 name | calcium hydroxide | oxalic acid | water | calcium oxalate IUPAC name | calcium dihydroxide | oxalic acid | water | calcium oxalate

Substance properties

| calcium hydroxide | oxalic acid | water | calcium oxalate molar mass | 74.092 g/mol | 90.03 g/mol | 18.015 g/mol | 128.1 g/mol phase | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | liquid (at STP) | melting point | 550 °C | 189.5 °C | 0 °C | boiling point | | 365 °C | 99.9839 °C | density | 2.24 g/cm^3 | 1.948 g/cm^3 | 1 g/cm^3 | 2.2 g/cm^3 solubility in water | slightly soluble | | | surface tension | | | 0.0728 N/m | dynamic viscosity | | | 8.9×10^-4 Pa s (at 25 °C) | odor | odorless | | odorless |
| calcium hydroxide | oxalic acid | water | calcium oxalate molar mass | 74.092 g/mol | 90.03 g/mol | 18.015 g/mol | 128.1 g/mol phase | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | liquid (at STP) | melting point | 550 °C | 189.5 °C | 0 °C | boiling point | | 365 °C | 99.9839 °C | density | 2.24 g/cm^3 | 1.948 g/cm^3 | 1 g/cm^3 | 2.2 g/cm^3 solubility in water | slightly soluble | | | surface tension | | | 0.0728 N/m | dynamic viscosity | | | 8.9×10^-4 Pa s (at 25 °C) | odor | odorless | | odorless |

Units

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