Input interpretation
NaOH (sodium hydroxide) + KCl (potassium chloride) ⟶ KOH (potassium hydroxide) + NaCl (sodium chloride)
Balanced equation
Balance the chemical equation algebraically: NaOH + KCl ⟶ KOH + NaCl Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 NaOH + c_2 KCl ⟶ c_3 KOH + c_4 NaCl Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, Na, O, Cl and K: H: | c_1 = c_3 Na: | c_1 = c_4 O: | c_1 = c_3 Cl: | c_2 = c_4 K: | c_2 = c_3 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_1 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 1 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 1 c_4 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | NaOH + KCl ⟶ KOH + NaCl
Structures
+ ⟶ +
Names
sodium hydroxide + potassium chloride ⟶ potassium hydroxide + sodium chloride
Reaction thermodynamics
Enthalpy
| sodium hydroxide | potassium chloride | potassium hydroxide | sodium chloride molecular enthalpy | -425.8 kJ/mol | -436.5 kJ/mol | -424.6 kJ/mol | -411.2 kJ/mol total enthalpy | -425.8 kJ/mol | -436.5 kJ/mol | -424.6 kJ/mol | -411.2 kJ/mol | H_initial = -862.3 kJ/mol | | H_final = -835.8 kJ/mol | ΔH_rxn^0 | -835.8 kJ/mol - -862.3 kJ/mol = 26.5 kJ/mol (endothermic) | | |
Gibbs free energy
| sodium hydroxide | potassium chloride | potassium hydroxide | sodium chloride molecular free energy | -379.7 kJ/mol | -408.5 kJ/mol | -379.4 kJ/mol | -384.1 kJ/mol total free energy | -379.7 kJ/mol | -408.5 kJ/mol | -379.4 kJ/mol | -384.1 kJ/mol | G_initial = -788.2 kJ/mol | | G_final = -763.5 kJ/mol | ΔG_rxn^0 | -763.5 kJ/mol - -788.2 kJ/mol = 24.7 kJ/mol (endergonic) | | |
Entropy
| sodium hydroxide | potassium chloride | potassium hydroxide | sodium chloride molecular entropy | 64 J/(mol K) | 83 J/(mol K) | 79 J/(mol K) | 72 J/(mol K) total entropy | 64 J/(mol K) | 83 J/(mol K) | 79 J/(mol K) | 72 J/(mol K) | S_initial = 147 J/(mol K) | | S_final = 151 J/(mol K) | ΔS_rxn^0 | 151 J/(mol K) - 147 J/(mol K) = 4 J/(mol K) (endoentropic) | | |
Equilibrium constant
![K_c = ([KOH] [NaCl])/([NaOH] [KCl])](../image_source/c66eb2f1df312e52452fb9fdd2f2619f.png)
K_c = ([KOH] [NaCl])/([NaOH] [KCl])
Rate of reaction
![rate = -(Δ[NaOH])/(Δt) = -(Δ[KCl])/(Δt) = (Δ[KOH])/(Δt) = (Δ[NaCl])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)](../image_source/e7038eb738d533192a141dd49818fc39.png)
rate = -(Δ[NaOH])/(Δt) = -(Δ[KCl])/(Δt) = (Δ[KOH])/(Δt) = (Δ[NaCl])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)
Chemical names and formulas
| sodium hydroxide | potassium chloride | potassium hydroxide | sodium chloride formula | NaOH | KCl | KOH | NaCl Hill formula | HNaO | ClK | HKO | ClNa name | sodium hydroxide | potassium chloride | potassium hydroxide | sodium chloride
Substance properties
| sodium hydroxide | potassium chloride | potassium hydroxide | sodium chloride molar mass | 39.997 g/mol | 74.55 g/mol | 56.105 g/mol | 58.44 g/mol phase | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) melting point | 323 °C | 770 °C | 406 °C | 801 °C boiling point | 1390 °C | 1420 °C | 1327 °C | 1413 °C density | 2.13 g/cm^3 | 1.98 g/cm^3 | 2.044 g/cm^3 | 2.16 g/cm^3 solubility in water | soluble | soluble | soluble | soluble surface tension | 0.07435 N/m | | | dynamic viscosity | 0.004 Pa s (at 350 °C) | | 0.001 Pa s (at 550 °C) | odor | | odorless | | odorless
Units
