cadmium vs chlorine vs copper

cadmium (chemical element) | chlorine (chemical element) | copper (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| cadmium | chlorine | copper atomic symbol | Cd | Cl | Cu atomic number | 48 | 17 | 29 short electronic configuration | [Kr]5s^24d^10 | [Ne]3s^23p^5 | [Ar]4s^13d^10 Aufbau diagram | 4d 5s | 3p 3s | 3d 4s block | d | p | d group | 12 | 17 | 11 period | 5 | 3 | 4 atomic mass | 112.414 u | 35.45 u | 63.546 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)

| cadmium | chlorine | copper phase at STP | solid | gas | solid melting point | 321.07 °C | -101.5 °C | 1084.62 °C boiling point | 767 °C | -34.04 °C | 2562 °C critical temperature | | 416.9 K | critical pressure | | 7.991 MPa | molar heat of fusion | 6.3 kJ/mol | 3.2 kJ/mol | 13.1 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 100 kJ/mol | 10.2 kJ/mol | 300 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 230 J/(kg K) | 478.2 J/(kg K) | 384.4 J/(kg K) adiabatic index | | 7/5 | (properties at standard conditions)

| cadmium | chlorine | copper density | 8.65 g/cm^3 | 0.003214 g/cm^3 | 8.96 g/cm^3 liquid density | 7.996 g/cm^3 | | 8.02 g/cm^3 molar volume | 13 cm^3/mol | 11030 cm^3/mol | 7.092 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 2 (≈ gypsum) | | 3 (≈ calcite) Vickers hardness | | | 369 MPa Brinell hardness | 203 MPa | | 874 MPa bulk modulus | 42 GPa | 1.1 GPa | 140 GPa shear modulus | 19 GPa | | 48 GPa Young's modulus | 50 GPa | | 130 GPa Poisson ratio | 0.3 | | 0.34 ultimate tensile strength | 75 MPa | | refractive index | | 1.000773 | sound speed | 2310 m/s | 206 m/s | 3570 m/s thermal expansion | 3.08×10^-5 K^(-1) | | 1.65×10^-5 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | 97 W/(m K) | 0.0089 W/(m K) | 400 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

| cadmium | chlorine | copper electrical type | conductor | insulator | conductor resistivity | 7×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 100 Ω m (ohm meters) | 1.7×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 1.4×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 0.01 S/m (siemens per meter) | 5.9×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | diamagnetic | diamagnetic | diamagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | -1.99×10^-5 | -2.31×10^-8 | -9.63×10^-6 mass magnetic susceptibility | -2.3×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -7.2×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -1.08×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | -2.59×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -5.11×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -6.86×10^-11 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | 4.08 eV (Polycrystalline) | | (4.48 to 5.1) eV threshold frequency | 9.865×10^14 Hz (hertz) | | (1.083×10^15 to 1.233×10^15) Hz (hertz) superconducting point | 0.517 K (kelvins) | | color | (silver) | (yellow) | (copper) refractive index | | 1.000773 |

| cadmium | chlorine | copper valence | 2 | 5 | 2 electronegativity | 1.69 | 3.16 | 1.9 electron affinity | 0 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 349 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 118.4 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 867.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 1251.2 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 745.5 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 867.8 kJ/mol | 1631.4 kJ/mol | 3616 kJ/mol | 1251.2 kJ/mol | 2298 kJ/mol | 3822 kJ/mol | 5158.6 kJ/mol | 6542 kJ/mol | 9362 kJ/mol | 11018 kJ/mol | 33604 kJ/mol | 38600 kJ/mol | 43961 kJ/mol | 745.5 kJ/mol | 1957.9 kJ/mol | 3555 kJ/mol | 5536 kJ/mol | 7700 kJ/mol | 9900 kJ/mol | 13400 kJ/mol | 16000 kJ/mol | 19200 kJ/mol | 22400 kJ/mol | 25600 kJ/mol | 35600 kJ/mol | 38700 kJ/mol | 42000 kJ/mol | 46700 kJ/mol | 50200 kJ/mol | 53700 kJ/mol | 61100 kJ/mol | 64702 kJ/mol | 163700 kJ/mol | 174100 kJ/mol

Reactivity

| cadmium | chlorine | copper term symbol | ^1S_0 | ^2P_(3/2) | ^2S_(1/2) atomic radius | 155 pm | 100 pm | 135 pm covalent radius | 144 pm | 102 pm | 132 pm van der Waals radius | 158 pm | 175 pm | 140 pm (electronic ground state properties)

| cadmium | chlorine | copper universe abundance | 2×10^-7 mass% | 1×10^-4 mass% | 6×10^-6 mass% solar abundance | 6×10^-7 mass% | 8×10^-4 mass% | 7×10^-5 mass% meteorite abundance | 4.4×10^-5 mass% | 0.037 mass% | 0.011 mass% crust abundance | 1.5×10^-5 mass% | 0.017 mass% | 0.0068 mass% ocean abundance | 5×10^-9 mass% | 2 mass% | 3×10^-7 mass% human abundance | 7×10^-5 mass% | 0.12 mass% | 1×10^-4 mass% universe molar abundance | 2×10^-9 mol% | 4×10^-6 mol% | 1×10^-7 mol% solar molar abundance | 7×10^-9 mol% | 3×10^-5 mol% | 9.9×10^-7 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 6×10^-6 mol% | 0.016 mol% | 0.0031 mol% ocean molar abundance | 2.8×10^-10 mol% | 0.35 mol% | 2.9×10^-8 mol% crust molar abundance | 3×10^-6 mol% | 0.0099 mol% | 0.0022 mol% human molar abundance | 3.9×10^-6 mol% | 0.021 mol% | 9.9×10^-6 mol%