sodium vs silicon vs phosphorus

sodium (chemical element) | silicon (chemical element) | phosphorus (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| sodium | silicon | phosphorus atomic symbol | Na | Si | P atomic number | 11 | 14 | 15 short electronic configuration | [Ne]3s^1 | [Ne]3s^23p^2 | [Ne]3s^23p^3 Aufbau diagram | 3s | 3p 3s | 3p 3s block | s | p | p group | 1 | 14 | 15 period | 3 | 3 | 3 atomic mass | 22.98976928 u | 28.085 u | 30.973761998 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)

| sodium | silicon | phosphorus phase at STP | solid | solid | solid melting point | 97.72 °C | 1414 °C | 44.2 °C boiling point | 883 °C | 2900 °C | 280.5 °C critical temperature | 2573 K | | critical pressure | 35 MPa | | molar heat of fusion | 2.6 kJ/mol | 50.2 kJ/mol | 0.64 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 97.7 kJ/mol | 359 kJ/mol | 12.4 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 1230 J/(kg K) | 710 J/(kg K) | 769.7 J/(kg K) (properties at standard conditions)

| sodium | silicon | phosphorus density | 0.968 g/cm^3 | 2.33 g/cm^3 | 1.823 g/cm^3 liquid density | 0.927 g/cm^3 | 2.57 g/cm^3 | molar volume | 23.7 cm^3/mol | 12.05 cm^3/mol | 16.99 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 0.5 (between talc and gypsum) | 6.5 (between microcline and quartz) | Vickers hardness | | 9630 MPa | Brinell hardness | 0.69 MPa | | bulk modulus | 6.3 GPa | 100 GPa | 11 GPa shear modulus | 3.3 GPa | | Young's modulus | 10 GPa | 47 GPa | ultimate tensile strength | 10 MPa | | refractive index | | | 1.001212 sound speed | 3200 m/s | 2200 m/s | thermal expansion | 7.1×10^-5 K^(-1) | 2.6×10^-6 K^(-1) | thermal conductivity | 140 W/(m K) | 150 W/(m K) | 0.236 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

| sodium | silicon | phosphorus electrical type | conductor | semiconductor | conductor resistivity | 4.7×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 0.001 Ω m (ohm meters) | 1×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 2.1×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1000 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | paramagnetic | diamagnetic | diamagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | 8.5×10^-6 | -3.73×10^-6 | -2.06×10^-5 mass magnetic susceptibility | 8.8×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -1.6×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -1.13×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | 2×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -4.49×10^-11 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -3.5×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | 2.36 eV (Polycrystalline) | (4.6 to 4.91) eV | threshold frequency | 5.706×10^14 Hz (hertz) | (1.112×10^15 to 1.187×10^15) Hz (hertz) | color | (silver) | (gray) | (colorless) refractive index | | | 1.001212

| sodium | silicon | phosphorus valence | 1 | 4 | 5 electronegativity | 0.93 | 1.9 | 2.19 electron affinity | 52.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 133.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 72 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 495.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 786.5 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 1011.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 495.8 kJ/mol | 4562 kJ/mol | 6910.3 kJ/mol | 9543 kJ/mol | 13354 kJ/mol | 16613 kJ/mol | 20117 kJ/mol | 25496 kJ/mol | 28932 kJ/mol | 141362 kJ/mol | 786.5 kJ/mol | 1577.1 kJ/mol | 3231.6 kJ/mol | 4355.5 kJ/mol | 16091 kJ/mol | 19805 kJ/mol | 23780 kJ/mol | 29287 kJ/mol | 33878 kJ/mol | 38726 kJ/mol | 1011.8 kJ/mol | 1907 kJ/mol | 2914.1 kJ/mol | 4963.6 kJ/mol | 6273.9 kJ/mol | 21267 kJ/mol | 25431 kJ/mol | 29872 kJ/mol | 35905 kJ/mol | 40950 kJ/mol

Reactivity

| sodium | silicon | phosphorus term symbol | ^2S_(1/2) | ^3P_0 | ^4S_(3/2) atomic radius | 180 pm | 110 pm | 100 pm covalent radius | 166 pm | 111 pm | 107 pm van der Waals radius | 227 pm | 210 pm | 180 pm (electronic ground state properties)

| sodium | silicon | phosphorus universe abundance | 0.002 mass% | 0.07 mass% | 7×10^-4 mass% solar abundance | 0.004 mass% | 0.09 mass% | 7×10^-4 mass% meteorite abundance | 0.55 mass% | 14 mass% | 0.11 mass% crust abundance | 2.3 mass% | 27 mass% | 0.099 mass% ocean abundance | 1.1 mass% | 1×10^-4 mass% | 7×10^-6 mass% human abundance | 0.14 mass% | 0.026 mass% | 1.1 mass% universe molar abundance | 1×10^-4 mol% | 0.003 mol% | 3×10^-5 mol% solar molar abundance | 2×10^-4 mol% | 0.004 mol% | 3×10^-5 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 0.48 mol% | 10 mol% | 0.07 mol% ocean molar abundance | 0.3 mol% | 2.2×10^-5 mol% | 1.4×10^-6 mol% crust molar abundance | 2.1 mol% | 20 mol% | 0.07 mol% human molar abundance | 0.038 mol% | 0.0058 mol% | 0.22 mol%