Input interpretation
![HNO_3 (nitric acid) + CaCO_3 (calcium carbonate) ⟶ H_2O (water) + CO_2 (carbon dioxide) + Ca(NO_3)_2 (calcium nitrate)](../image_source/317fef9b2d9e1673968cb836edcf2900.png)
HNO_3 (nitric acid) + CaCO_3 (calcium carbonate) ⟶ H_2O (water) + CO_2 (carbon dioxide) + Ca(NO_3)_2 (calcium nitrate)
Balanced equation
![Balance the chemical equation algebraically: HNO_3 + CaCO_3 ⟶ H_2O + CO_2 + Ca(NO_3)_2 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 HNO_3 + c_2 CaCO_3 ⟶ c_3 H_2O + c_4 CO_2 + c_5 Ca(NO_3)_2 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, N, O, C and Ca: H: | c_1 = 2 c_3 N: | c_1 = 2 c_5 O: | 3 c_1 + 3 c_2 = c_3 + 2 c_4 + 6 c_5 C: | c_2 = c_4 Ca: | c_2 = c_5 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_2 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 2 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 1 c_4 = 1 c_5 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | 2 HNO_3 + CaCO_3 ⟶ H_2O + CO_2 + Ca(NO_3)_2](../image_source/d2b66c72484cb48c6273fc2115812a32.png)
Balance the chemical equation algebraically: HNO_3 + CaCO_3 ⟶ H_2O + CO_2 + Ca(NO_3)_2 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 HNO_3 + c_2 CaCO_3 ⟶ c_3 H_2O + c_4 CO_2 + c_5 Ca(NO_3)_2 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, N, O, C and Ca: H: | c_1 = 2 c_3 N: | c_1 = 2 c_5 O: | 3 c_1 + 3 c_2 = c_3 + 2 c_4 + 6 c_5 C: | c_2 = c_4 Ca: | c_2 = c_5 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_2 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 2 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 1 c_4 = 1 c_5 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | 2 HNO_3 + CaCO_3 ⟶ H_2O + CO_2 + Ca(NO_3)_2
Structures
![+ ⟶ + +](../image_source/1d293e48494910e9826b0bafdfd37ba2.png)
+ ⟶ + +
Names
![nitric acid + calcium carbonate ⟶ water + carbon dioxide + calcium nitrate](../image_source/96a61d1f915d87d349f3312bb06072e6.png)
nitric acid + calcium carbonate ⟶ water + carbon dioxide + calcium nitrate
Reaction thermodynamics
Gibbs free energy
![ΔG_rxn^0 | -1374 kJ/mol - -1291 kJ/mol = -83.8 kJ/mol (exergonic)](../image_source/875d571a2b3f996a59ab8c09fe5f2917.png)
ΔG_rxn^0 | -1374 kJ/mol - -1291 kJ/mol = -83.8 kJ/mol (exergonic)
Units
Equilibrium constant
![K_c = ([H2O] [CO2] [Ca(NO3)2])/([HNO3]^2 [CaCO3])](../image_source/2959a76490b98be8fb3b8f88efe167ba.png)
K_c = ([H2O] [CO2] [Ca(NO3)2])/([HNO3]^2 [CaCO3])
Rate of reaction
![rate = -1/2 (Δ[HNO3])/(Δt) = -(Δ[CaCO3])/(Δt) = (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) = (Δ[CO2])/(Δt) = (Δ[Ca(NO3)2])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)](../image_source/fbf69cbbded1ffcf1769b42c9fce13a2.png)
rate = -1/2 (Δ[HNO3])/(Δt) = -(Δ[CaCO3])/(Δt) = (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) = (Δ[CO2])/(Δt) = (Δ[Ca(NO3)2])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)
Chemical names and formulas
![| nitric acid | calcium carbonate | water | carbon dioxide | calcium nitrate formula | HNO_3 | CaCO_3 | H_2O | CO_2 | Ca(NO_3)_2 Hill formula | HNO_3 | CCaO_3 | H_2O | CO_2 | CaN_2O_6 name | nitric acid | calcium carbonate | water | carbon dioxide | calcium nitrate IUPAC name | nitric acid | calcium carbonate | water | carbon dioxide | calcium dinitrate](../image_source/333130caa95e4fd0be654e0c5ab36c2d.png)
| nitric acid | calcium carbonate | water | carbon dioxide | calcium nitrate formula | HNO_3 | CaCO_3 | H_2O | CO_2 | Ca(NO_3)_2 Hill formula | HNO_3 | CCaO_3 | H_2O | CO_2 | CaN_2O_6 name | nitric acid | calcium carbonate | water | carbon dioxide | calcium nitrate IUPAC name | nitric acid | calcium carbonate | water | carbon dioxide | calcium dinitrate