Input interpretation
![formaldehyde](../image_source/93e5b3cbae089d29872f917be54de1b7.png)
formaldehyde
Chemical names and formulas
![formula | HCHO Hill formula | CH_2O name | formaldehyde alternate names | formalin | formol | superlysoform mass fractions | C (carbon) 40% | H (hydrogen) 6.71% | O (oxygen) 53.3%](../image_source/81b7c7cf6d61fdee0a140e7f22d5c75c.png)
formula | HCHO Hill formula | CH_2O name | formaldehyde alternate names | formalin | formol | superlysoform mass fractions | C (carbon) 40% | H (hydrogen) 6.71% | O (oxygen) 53.3%
Lewis structure
![Draw the Lewis structure of formaldehyde. Start by drawing the overall structure of the molecule, ignoring potential double and triple bonds: Count the total valence electrons of the carbon (n_C, val = 4), hydrogen (n_H, val = 1), and oxygen (n_O, val = 6) atoms: n_C, val + 2 n_H, val + n_O, val = 12 Calculate the number of electrons needed to completely fill the valence shells for carbon (n_C, full = 8), hydrogen (n_H, full = 2), and oxygen (n_O, full = 8): n_C, full + 2 n_H, full + n_O, full = 20 Subtracting these two numbers shows that 20 - 12 = 8 bonding electrons are needed. Each bond has two electrons, so in addition to the 3 bonds already present in the diagram add 1 bond. To minimize formal charge oxygen wants 2 bonds and carbon wants 4 bonds. Identify the atoms that want additional bonds and the number of electrons remaining on each atom: Fill in the 1 bond by pairing electrons between adjacent highlighted atoms: Answer: | |](../image_source/b7c36187a847b4190e74aed292e9b56a.png)
Draw the Lewis structure of formaldehyde. Start by drawing the overall structure of the molecule, ignoring potential double and triple bonds: Count the total valence electrons of the carbon (n_C, val = 4), hydrogen (n_H, val = 1), and oxygen (n_O, val = 6) atoms: n_C, val + 2 n_H, val + n_O, val = 12 Calculate the number of electrons needed to completely fill the valence shells for carbon (n_C, full = 8), hydrogen (n_H, full = 2), and oxygen (n_O, full = 8): n_C, full + 2 n_H, full + n_O, full = 20 Subtracting these two numbers shows that 20 - 12 = 8 bonding electrons are needed. Each bond has two electrons, so in addition to the 3 bonds already present in the diagram add 1 bond. To minimize formal charge oxygen wants 2 bonds and carbon wants 4 bonds. Identify the atoms that want additional bonds and the number of electrons remaining on each atom: Fill in the 1 bond by pairing electrons between adjacent highlighted atoms: Answer: | |
3D structure
![3D structure](../image_source/f1de8671dead1cbe86f9bbd20cc85f71.png)
3D structure
Basic properties
![molar mass | 30.026 g/mol phase | gas (at STP) melting point | -92 °C boiling point | -19.1 °C density | 1.09 g/cm^3 (at 25 °C) solubility in water | miscible](../image_source/77652717ce7c7834ea3a1bdc9b04cb23.png)
molar mass | 30.026 g/mol phase | gas (at STP) melting point | -92 °C boiling point | -19.1 °C density | 1.09 g/cm^3 (at 25 °C) solubility in water | miscible
Units
Hydrophobicity and permeability properties
![experimental LogP hydrophobicity | 0.35 predicted LogP hydrophobicity | -0.68 predicted LogS | 0.82](../image_source/0f0bfc9ca59addadaedbdc78f1e40b50.png)
experimental LogP hydrophobicity | 0.35 predicted LogP hydrophobicity | -0.68 predicted LogS | 0.82
Basic drug properties
![approval status | experimental | small molecule drug categories | disinfectant | fixative dosage forms | topical: solution](../image_source/6eb9591267fcec5fb3d201436c5c66ee.png)
approval status | experimental | small molecule drug categories | disinfectant | fixative dosage forms | topical: solution
![brand names | formalin | formol](../image_source/eeddeb0551375a5688eba9677ac052a8.png)
brand names | formalin | formol
Gas properties (at STP)
![density | 1.09 g/cm^3 (at 25 °C) vapor density | 1.03 (relative to air) molar volume | 27.55 cm^3/mol refractive index | 1.38](../image_source/2f6e9a7d066be15f291e433303954004.png)
density | 1.09 g/cm^3 (at 25 °C) vapor density | 1.03 (relative to air) molar volume | 27.55 cm^3/mol refractive index | 1.38
Units
Thermodynamic properties
![specific free energy of formation Δ_fG° | gas | -3.414 kJ/g molar free energy of formation Δ_fG° | gas | -102.5 kJ/mol specific heat of formation Δ_fH° | gas | -3.617 kJ/g molar heat of formation Δ_fH° | gas | -108.6 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 23.3 kJ/mol | specific heat of vaporization | 0.776 kJ/g | critical temperature | 410.3 K | (at STP)](../image_source/e4d6980816532b310c91acf2d528efd2.png)
specific free energy of formation Δ_fG° | gas | -3.414 kJ/g molar free energy of formation Δ_fG° | gas | -102.5 kJ/mol specific heat of formation Δ_fH° | gas | -3.617 kJ/g molar heat of formation Δ_fH° | gas | -108.6 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 23.3 kJ/mol | specific heat of vaporization | 0.776 kJ/g | critical temperature | 410.3 K | (at STP)
Chemical identifiers
![CAS number | 50-00-0 Beilstein number | 1209228 PubChem CID number | 712 PubChem SID number | 3367 SMILES identifier | C=O InChI identifier | InChI=1/CH2O/c1-2/h1H2 InChI key | WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYAT MDL number | MFCD00003274](../image_source/109c32450e217406727e06c613aed6ce.png)
CAS number | 50-00-0 Beilstein number | 1209228 PubChem CID number | 712 PubChem SID number | 3367 SMILES identifier | C=O InChI identifier | InChI=1/CH2O/c1-2/h1H2 InChI key | WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYAT MDL number | MFCD00003274
NFPA label
![NFPA label](../image_source/4045408aeec512a8ee33d00512b73196.png)
NFPA label
![NFPA health rating | 3 NFPA fire rating | 2 NFPA reactivity rating | 0](../image_source/4303f6864eb1d6ec7eec9e698d1d2d74.png)
NFPA health rating | 3 NFPA fire rating | 2 NFPA reactivity rating | 0
Safety properties
![flash point | 50 °C autoignition point | 300 °C lower explosive limit | 7% (concentration in air) upper explosive limit | 73% (concentration in air)](../image_source/66ea9d4be751a895beee59ee345e767e.png)
flash point | 50 °C autoignition point | 300 °C lower explosive limit | 7% (concentration in air) upper explosive limit | 73% (concentration in air)
![DOT hazard class | 3.2 DOT numbers | 1198 | 2209](../image_source/99ad9d0221e12065ad17388fb4e8c6f8.png)
DOT hazard class | 3.2 DOT numbers | 1198 | 2209
Toxicity properties
![odor | none-slight odor threshold | 0.83 ppm lethal dosage | 800 mg/kg (oral dose for rats) short-term exposure limit | 2.5 mg/m^3](../image_source/4edbeb7b62e2ea83011aa7d03cf973a9.png)
odor | none-slight odor threshold | 0.83 ppm lethal dosage | 800 mg/kg (oral dose for rats) short-term exposure limit | 2.5 mg/m^3
![probable lethal dose for man | 600 mL (milliliters) long-term exposure limit | 2.5 mg/m^3 (over 8 hours) RTECS classes | agricultural chemical and pesticide | tumorigen | mutagen | reproductive effector | human data | primary irritant](../image_source/02b53f249bcb2a42aea8f6d8e77c1498.png)
probable lethal dose for man | 600 mL (milliliters) long-term exposure limit | 2.5 mg/m^3 (over 8 hours) RTECS classes | agricultural chemical and pesticide | tumorigen | mutagen | reproductive effector | human data | primary irritant