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H2SO4 + KI + KClO4 = H2O + K2SO4 + I2 + KCl

Input interpretation

H_2SO_4 sulfuric acid + KI potassium iodide + KClO_4 potassium perchlorate ⟶ H_2O water + K_2SO_4 potassium sulfate + I_2 iodine + KCl potassium chloride
H_2SO_4 sulfuric acid + KI potassium iodide + KClO_4 potassium perchlorate ⟶ H_2O water + K_2SO_4 potassium sulfate + I_2 iodine + KCl potassium chloride

Balanced equation

Balance the chemical equation algebraically: H_2SO_4 + KI + KClO_4 ⟶ H_2O + K_2SO_4 + I_2 + KCl Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 H_2SO_4 + c_2 KI + c_3 KClO_4 ⟶ c_4 H_2O + c_5 K_2SO_4 + c_6 I_2 + c_7 KCl Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, O, S, I, K and Cl: H: | 2 c_1 = 2 c_4 O: | 4 c_1 + 4 c_3 = c_4 + 4 c_5 S: | c_1 = c_5 I: | c_2 = 2 c_6 K: | c_2 + c_3 = 2 c_5 + c_7 Cl: | c_3 = c_7 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_3 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 4 c_2 = 8 c_3 = 1 c_4 = 4 c_5 = 4 c_6 = 4 c_7 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | 4 H_2SO_4 + 8 KI + KClO_4 ⟶ 4 H_2O + 4 K_2SO_4 + 4 I_2 + KCl
Balance the chemical equation algebraically: H_2SO_4 + KI + KClO_4 ⟶ H_2O + K_2SO_4 + I_2 + KCl Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 H_2SO_4 + c_2 KI + c_3 KClO_4 ⟶ c_4 H_2O + c_5 K_2SO_4 + c_6 I_2 + c_7 KCl Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, O, S, I, K and Cl: H: | 2 c_1 = 2 c_4 O: | 4 c_1 + 4 c_3 = c_4 + 4 c_5 S: | c_1 = c_5 I: | c_2 = 2 c_6 K: | c_2 + c_3 = 2 c_5 + c_7 Cl: | c_3 = c_7 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_3 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 4 c_2 = 8 c_3 = 1 c_4 = 4 c_5 = 4 c_6 = 4 c_7 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | 4 H_2SO_4 + 8 KI + KClO_4 ⟶ 4 H_2O + 4 K_2SO_4 + 4 I_2 + KCl

Structures

+ + ⟶ + + +
+ + ⟶ + + +

Names

sulfuric acid + potassium iodide + potassium perchlorate ⟶ water + potassium sulfate + iodine + potassium chloride
sulfuric acid + potassium iodide + potassium perchlorate ⟶ water + potassium sulfate + iodine + potassium chloride

Equilibrium constant

Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: H_2SO_4 + KI + KClO_4 ⟶ H_2O + K_2SO_4 + I_2 + KCl Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 4 H_2SO_4 + 8 KI + KClO_4 ⟶ 4 H_2O + 4 K_2SO_4 + 4 I_2 + KCl Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2SO_4 | 4 | -4 KI | 8 | -8 KClO_4 | 1 | -1 H_2O | 4 | 4 K_2SO_4 | 4 | 4 I_2 | 4 | 4 KCl | 1 | 1 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression H_2SO_4 | 4 | -4 | ([H2SO4])^(-4) KI | 8 | -8 | ([KI])^(-8) KClO_4 | 1 | -1 | ([KClO4])^(-1) H_2O | 4 | 4 | ([H2O])^4 K_2SO_4 | 4 | 4 | ([K2SO4])^4 I_2 | 4 | 4 | ([I2])^4 KCl | 1 | 1 | [KCl] The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([H2SO4])^(-4) ([KI])^(-8) ([KClO4])^(-1) ([H2O])^4 ([K2SO4])^4 ([I2])^4 [KCl] = (([H2O])^4 ([K2SO4])^4 ([I2])^4 [KCl])/(([H2SO4])^4 ([KI])^8 [KClO4])
Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: H_2SO_4 + KI + KClO_4 ⟶ H_2O + K_2SO_4 + I_2 + KCl Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 4 H_2SO_4 + 8 KI + KClO_4 ⟶ 4 H_2O + 4 K_2SO_4 + 4 I_2 + KCl Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2SO_4 | 4 | -4 KI | 8 | -8 KClO_4 | 1 | -1 H_2O | 4 | 4 K_2SO_4 | 4 | 4 I_2 | 4 | 4 KCl | 1 | 1 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression H_2SO_4 | 4 | -4 | ([H2SO4])^(-4) KI | 8 | -8 | ([KI])^(-8) KClO_4 | 1 | -1 | ([KClO4])^(-1) H_2O | 4 | 4 | ([H2O])^4 K_2SO_4 | 4 | 4 | ([K2SO4])^4 I_2 | 4 | 4 | ([I2])^4 KCl | 1 | 1 | [KCl] The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([H2SO4])^(-4) ([KI])^(-8) ([KClO4])^(-1) ([H2O])^4 ([K2SO4])^4 ([I2])^4 [KCl] = (([H2O])^4 ([K2SO4])^4 ([I2])^4 [KCl])/(([H2SO4])^4 ([KI])^8 [KClO4])

Rate of reaction

Construct the rate of reaction expression for: H_2SO_4 + KI + KClO_4 ⟶ H_2O + K_2SO_4 + I_2 + KCl Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 4 H_2SO_4 + 8 KI + KClO_4 ⟶ 4 H_2O + 4 K_2SO_4 + 4 I_2 + KCl Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2SO_4 | 4 | -4 KI | 8 | -8 KClO_4 | 1 | -1 H_2O | 4 | 4 K_2SO_4 | 4 | 4 I_2 | 4 | 4 KCl | 1 | 1 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term H_2SO_4 | 4 | -4 | -1/4 (Δ[H2SO4])/(Δt) KI | 8 | -8 | -1/8 (Δ[KI])/(Δt) KClO_4 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[KClO4])/(Δt) H_2O | 4 | 4 | 1/4 (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) K_2SO_4 | 4 | 4 | 1/4 (Δ[K2SO4])/(Δt) I_2 | 4 | 4 | 1/4 (Δ[I2])/(Δt) KCl | 1 | 1 | (Δ[KCl])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -1/4 (Δ[H2SO4])/(Δt) = -1/8 (Δ[KI])/(Δt) = -(Δ[KClO4])/(Δt) = 1/4 (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) = 1/4 (Δ[K2SO4])/(Δt) = 1/4 (Δ[I2])/(Δt) = (Δ[KCl])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)
Construct the rate of reaction expression for: H_2SO_4 + KI + KClO_4 ⟶ H_2O + K_2SO_4 + I_2 + KCl Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 4 H_2SO_4 + 8 KI + KClO_4 ⟶ 4 H_2O + 4 K_2SO_4 + 4 I_2 + KCl Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2SO_4 | 4 | -4 KI | 8 | -8 KClO_4 | 1 | -1 H_2O | 4 | 4 K_2SO_4 | 4 | 4 I_2 | 4 | 4 KCl | 1 | 1 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term H_2SO_4 | 4 | -4 | -1/4 (Δ[H2SO4])/(Δt) KI | 8 | -8 | -1/8 (Δ[KI])/(Δt) KClO_4 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[KClO4])/(Δt) H_2O | 4 | 4 | 1/4 (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) K_2SO_4 | 4 | 4 | 1/4 (Δ[K2SO4])/(Δt) I_2 | 4 | 4 | 1/4 (Δ[I2])/(Δt) KCl | 1 | 1 | (Δ[KCl])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -1/4 (Δ[H2SO4])/(Δt) = -1/8 (Δ[KI])/(Δt) = -(Δ[KClO4])/(Δt) = 1/4 (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) = 1/4 (Δ[K2SO4])/(Δt) = 1/4 (Δ[I2])/(Δt) = (Δ[KCl])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)

Chemical names and formulas

| sulfuric acid | potassium iodide | potassium perchlorate | water | potassium sulfate | iodine | potassium chloride formula | H_2SO_4 | KI | KClO_4 | H_2O | K_2SO_4 | I_2 | KCl Hill formula | H_2O_4S | IK | ClKO_4 | H_2O | K_2O_4S | I_2 | ClK name | sulfuric acid | potassium iodide | potassium perchlorate | water | potassium sulfate | iodine | potassium chloride IUPAC name | sulfuric acid | potassium iodide | potassium perchlorate | water | dipotassium sulfate | molecular iodine | potassium chloride
| sulfuric acid | potassium iodide | potassium perchlorate | water | potassium sulfate | iodine | potassium chloride formula | H_2SO_4 | KI | KClO_4 | H_2O | K_2SO_4 | I_2 | KCl Hill formula | H_2O_4S | IK | ClKO_4 | H_2O | K_2O_4S | I_2 | ClK name | sulfuric acid | potassium iodide | potassium perchlorate | water | potassium sulfate | iodine | potassium chloride IUPAC name | sulfuric acid | potassium iodide | potassium perchlorate | water | dipotassium sulfate | molecular iodine | potassium chloride

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