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erbium vs cerium vs samarium

Input interpretation

erbium (chemical element) | cerium (chemical element) | samarium (chemical element)
erbium (chemical element) | cerium (chemical element) | samarium (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Periodic table location
Periodic table location

Images

Images
Images

Basic elemental properties

| erbium | cerium | samarium atomic symbol | Er | Ce | Sm atomic number | 68 | 58 | 62 short electronic configuration | [Xe]6s^24f^12 | [Xe]6s^24f^15d^1 | [Xe]6s^24f^6 Aufbau diagram | 4f 6s | 5d 4f 6s | 4f 6s block | f | f | f period | 6 | 6 | 6 atomic mass | 167.259 u | 140.116 u | 150.36 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)
| erbium | cerium | samarium atomic symbol | Er | Ce | Sm atomic number | 68 | 58 | 62 short electronic configuration | [Xe]6s^24f^12 | [Xe]6s^24f^15d^1 | [Xe]6s^24f^6 Aufbau diagram | 4f 6s | 5d 4f 6s | 4f 6s block | f | f | f period | 6 | 6 | 6 atomic mass | 167.259 u | 140.116 u | 150.36 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)

Thermodynamic properties

| erbium | cerium | samarium phase at STP | solid | solid | solid melting point | 1497 °C | 798 °C | 1072 °C boiling point | 2868 °C | 3360 °C | 1803 °C molar heat of fusion | 19.9 kJ/mol | 5.5 kJ/mol | 8.6 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 285 kJ/mol | 350 kJ/mol | 175 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 168 J/(kg K) | 192 J/(kg K) | 196 J/(kg K) Néel point | 82 K | 12.5 K | 106 K (properties at standard conditions)
| erbium | cerium | samarium phase at STP | solid | solid | solid melting point | 1497 °C | 798 °C | 1072 °C boiling point | 2868 °C | 3360 °C | 1803 °C molar heat of fusion | 19.9 kJ/mol | 5.5 kJ/mol | 8.6 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 285 kJ/mol | 350 kJ/mol | 175 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 168 J/(kg K) | 192 J/(kg K) | 196 J/(kg K) Néel point | 82 K | 12.5 K | 106 K (properties at standard conditions)

Material properties

| erbium | cerium | samarium density | 9.066 g/cm^3 | 6.689 g/cm^3 | 7.353 g/cm^3 liquid density | 8.86 g/cm^3 | 6.55 g/cm^3 | 7.16 g/cm^3 molar volume | 18.45 cm^3/mol | 20.95 cm^3/mol | 20.45 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 2 (between gypsum and talc) | 2.5 (between gypsum and calcite) | 1.4 (between talc and gypsum) Vickers hardness | 589 MPa | 270 MPa | 412 MPa Brinell hardness | 814 MPa | 412 MPa | 441 MPa bulk modulus | 44 GPa | 22 GPa | 38 GPa shear modulus | 28 GPa | 14 GPa | 20 GPa Young's modulus | 70 GPa | 34 GPa | 50 GPa Poisson ratio | 0.24 | 0.24 | 0.27 tensile yield strength | 60 MPa | 91 MPa | 90 MPa ultimate tensile strength | 136 MPa | 100 MPa | 138 MPa sound speed | 2830 m/s | 2100 m/s | 2130 m/s thermal expansion | 1.22×10^-5 K^(-1) | 6.3×10^-6 K^(-1) | 1.27×10^-5 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | 15 W/(m K) | 11 W/(m K) | 13 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)
| erbium | cerium | samarium density | 9.066 g/cm^3 | 6.689 g/cm^3 | 7.353 g/cm^3 liquid density | 8.86 g/cm^3 | 6.55 g/cm^3 | 7.16 g/cm^3 molar volume | 18.45 cm^3/mol | 20.95 cm^3/mol | 20.45 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 2 (between gypsum and talc) | 2.5 (between gypsum and calcite) | 1.4 (between talc and gypsum) Vickers hardness | 589 MPa | 270 MPa | 412 MPa Brinell hardness | 814 MPa | 412 MPa | 441 MPa bulk modulus | 44 GPa | 22 GPa | 38 GPa shear modulus | 28 GPa | 14 GPa | 20 GPa Young's modulus | 70 GPa | 34 GPa | 50 GPa Poisson ratio | 0.24 | 0.24 | 0.27 tensile yield strength | 60 MPa | 91 MPa | 90 MPa ultimate tensile strength | 136 MPa | 100 MPa | 138 MPa sound speed | 2830 m/s | 2100 m/s | 2130 m/s thermal expansion | 1.22×10^-5 K^(-1) | 6.3×10^-6 K^(-1) | 1.27×10^-5 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | 15 W/(m K) | 11 W/(m K) | 13 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

Electromagnetic properties

| erbium | cerium | samarium electrical type | conductor | conductor | conductor resistivity | 8.6×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) | 7.4×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) | 9.4×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 1.2×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1.4×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1.1×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | paramagnetic | paramagnetic | paramagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | 0.0341788 | 0.0014716 | 8.1618×10^-4 mass magnetic susceptibility | 3.77×10^-6 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 2.2×10^-7 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 1.11×10^-7 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | 6.30566×10^-7 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 3.0826×10^-8 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 1.669×10^-8 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) Curie point | 32 K (kelvins) | | Néel point | 82 K (kelvins) | 12.5 K (kelvins) | 106 K (kelvins) work function | | 2.9 eV (Polycrystalline) | 2.7 eV (Polycrystalline) threshold frequency | | 7.012×10^14 Hz (hertz) | 6.529×10^14 Hz (hertz) superconducting point | | 0.022 K (kelvins) | color | (silver) | (silver) | (silver)
| erbium | cerium | samarium electrical type | conductor | conductor | conductor resistivity | 8.6×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) | 7.4×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) | 9.4×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 1.2×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1.4×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1.1×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | paramagnetic | paramagnetic | paramagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | 0.0341788 | 0.0014716 | 8.1618×10^-4 mass magnetic susceptibility | 3.77×10^-6 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 2.2×10^-7 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 1.11×10^-7 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | 6.30566×10^-7 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 3.0826×10^-8 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 1.669×10^-8 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) Curie point | 32 K (kelvins) | | Néel point | 82 K (kelvins) | 12.5 K (kelvins) | 106 K (kelvins) work function | | 2.9 eV (Polycrystalline) | 2.7 eV (Polycrystalline) threshold frequency | | 7.012×10^14 Hz (hertz) | 6.529×10^14 Hz (hertz) superconducting point | | 0.022 K (kelvins) | color | (silver) | (silver) | (silver)

Reactivity

| erbium | cerium | samarium valence | 3 | 4 | 3 electronegativity | 1.24 | 1.12 | 1.17 electron affinity | 50 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 50 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 50 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 589.3 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 534.4 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 544.5 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 589.3 kJ/mol | 1150 kJ/mol | 2194 kJ/mol | 4120 kJ/mol | 534.4 kJ/mol | 1050 kJ/mol | 1949 kJ/mol | 3547 kJ/mol | 6325 kJ/mol | 7490 kJ/mol | 544.5 kJ/mol | 1070 kJ/mol | 2260 kJ/mol | 3990 kJ/mol
| erbium | cerium | samarium valence | 3 | 4 | 3 electronegativity | 1.24 | 1.12 | 1.17 electron affinity | 50 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 50 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 50 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 589.3 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 534.4 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 544.5 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 589.3 kJ/mol | 1150 kJ/mol | 2194 kJ/mol | 4120 kJ/mol | 534.4 kJ/mol | 1050 kJ/mol | 1949 kJ/mol | 3547 kJ/mol | 6325 kJ/mol | 7490 kJ/mol | 544.5 kJ/mol | 1070 kJ/mol | 2260 kJ/mol | 3990 kJ/mol
Reactivity
Reactivity

Atomic properties

| erbium | cerium | samarium term symbol | ^3H_6 | ^1G_4 | ^7F_0 atomic radius | 175 pm | 185 pm | 185 pm covalent radius | 189 pm | 204 pm | 198 pm (electronic ground state properties)
| erbium | cerium | samarium term symbol | ^3H_6 | ^1G_4 | ^7F_0 atomic radius | 175 pm | 185 pm | 185 pm covalent radius | 189 pm | 204 pm | 198 pm (electronic ground state properties)

Abundances

| erbium | cerium | samarium universe abundance | 2×10^-7 mass% | 1×10^-6 mass% | 5×10^-7 mass% solar abundance | 1×10^-7 mass% | 4×10^-7 mass% | 1×10^-7 mass% meteorite abundance | 1.8×10^-5 mass% | 7.5×10^-5 mass% | 1.7×10^-5 mass% crust abundance | 3×10^-4 mass% | 0.006 mass% | 6×10^-4 mass% ocean abundance | 9×10^-11 mass% | 1.2×10^-10 mass% | 4.5×10^-11 mass% universe molar abundance | 1×10^-9 mol% | 9×10^-9 mol% | 4×10^-9 mol% solar molar abundance | 9.9×10^-10 mol% | 3×10^-9 mol% | 9.9×10^-10 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 2×10^-6 mol% | 1.1×10^-5 mol% | 2×10^-6 mol% ocean molar abundance | 3.3×10^-12 mol% | 5.3×10^-12 mol% | 1.9×10^-12 mol% crust molar abundance | 3.7×10^-5 mol% | 8.9×10^-4 mol% | 8.2×10^-5 mol%
| erbium | cerium | samarium universe abundance | 2×10^-7 mass% | 1×10^-6 mass% | 5×10^-7 mass% solar abundance | 1×10^-7 mass% | 4×10^-7 mass% | 1×10^-7 mass% meteorite abundance | 1.8×10^-5 mass% | 7.5×10^-5 mass% | 1.7×10^-5 mass% crust abundance | 3×10^-4 mass% | 0.006 mass% | 6×10^-4 mass% ocean abundance | 9×10^-11 mass% | 1.2×10^-10 mass% | 4.5×10^-11 mass% universe molar abundance | 1×10^-9 mol% | 9×10^-9 mol% | 4×10^-9 mol% solar molar abundance | 9.9×10^-10 mol% | 3×10^-9 mol% | 9.9×10^-10 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 2×10^-6 mol% | 1.1×10^-5 mol% | 2×10^-6 mol% ocean molar abundance | 3.3×10^-12 mol% | 5.3×10^-12 mol% | 1.9×10^-12 mol% crust molar abundance | 3.7×10^-5 mol% | 8.9×10^-4 mol% | 8.2×10^-5 mol%

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