Na2CO3 + MgCl2 = NaCl + MgCO3

Na_2CO_3 soda ash + MgCl_2 magnesium chloride ⟶ NaCl sodium chloride + MgCO_3 magnesium carbonate

Balance the chemical equation algebraically: Na_2CO_3 + MgCl_2 ⟶ NaCl + MgCO_3 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 Na_2CO_3 + c_2 MgCl_2 ⟶ c_3 NaCl + c_4 MgCO_3 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for C, Na, O, Cl and Mg: C: | c_1 = c_4 Na: | 2 c_1 = c_3 O: | 3 c_1 = 3 c_4 Cl: | 2 c_2 = c_3 Mg: | c_2 = c_4 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_1 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 1 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 2 c_4 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | Na_2CO_3 + MgCl_2 ⟶ 2 NaCl + MgCO_3

+ ⟶ +

soda ash + magnesium chloride ⟶ sodium chloride + magnesium carbonate

Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: Na_2CO_3 + MgCl_2 ⟶ NaCl + MgCO_3 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: Na_2CO_3 + MgCl_2 ⟶ 2 NaCl + MgCO_3 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i Na_2CO_3 | 1 | -1 MgCl_2 | 1 | -1 NaCl | 2 | 2 MgCO_3 | 1 | 1 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression Na_2CO_3 | 1 | -1 | ([Na2CO3])^(-1) MgCl_2 | 1 | -1 | ([MgCl2])^(-1) NaCl | 2 | 2 | ([NaCl])^2 MgCO_3 | 1 | 1 | [MgCO3] The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([Na2CO3])^(-1) ([MgCl2])^(-1) ([NaCl])^2 [MgCO3] = (([NaCl])^2 [MgCO3])/([Na2CO3] [MgCl2])

Construct the rate of reaction expression for: Na_2CO_3 + MgCl_2 ⟶ NaCl + MgCO_3 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: Na_2CO_3 + MgCl_2 ⟶ 2 NaCl + MgCO_3 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i Na_2CO_3 | 1 | -1 MgCl_2 | 1 | -1 NaCl | 2 | 2 MgCO_3 | 1 | 1 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term Na_2CO_3 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[Na2CO3])/(Δt) MgCl_2 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[MgCl2])/(Δt) NaCl | 2 | 2 | 1/2 (Δ[NaCl])/(Δt) MgCO_3 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[MgCO3])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -(Δ[Na2CO3])/(Δt) = -(Δ[MgCl2])/(Δt) = 1/2 (Δ[NaCl])/(Δt) = (Δ[MgCO3])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)

| soda ash | magnesium chloride | sodium chloride | magnesium carbonate formula | Na_2CO_3 | MgCl_2 | NaCl | MgCO_3 Hill formula | CNa_2O_3 | Cl_2Mg | ClNa | CMgO_3 name | soda ash | magnesium chloride | sodium chloride | magnesium carbonate IUPAC name | disodium carbonate | magnesium dichloride | sodium chloride | magnesium carbonate

| soda ash | magnesium chloride | sodium chloride | magnesium carbonate molar mass | 105.99 g/mol | 95.2 g/mol | 58.44 g/mol | 84.313 g/mol phase | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | melting point | 851 °C | 714 °C | 801 °C | boiling point | 1600 °C | | 1413 °C | density | | 2.32 g/cm^3 | 2.16 g/cm^3 | solubility in water | soluble | soluble | soluble | dynamic viscosity | 0.00355 Pa s (at 900 °C) | | | odor | | | odorless |