sodium vs zinc vs calcium

sodium (chemical element) | zinc (chemical element) | calcium (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| sodium | zinc | calcium atomic symbol | Na | Zn | Ca atomic number | 11 | 30 | 20 short electronic configuration | [Ne]3s^1 | [Ar]4s^23d^10 | [Ar]4s^2 Aufbau diagram | 3s | 3d 4s | 4s block | s | d | s group | 1 | 12 | 2 period | 3 | 4 | 4 atomic mass | 22.98976928 u | 65.38 u | 40.078 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)

| sodium | zinc | calcium phase at STP | solid | solid | solid melting point | 97.72 °C | 419.53 °C | 842 °C boiling point | 883 °C | 907 °C | 1484 °C critical temperature | 2573 K | | critical pressure | 35 MPa | | molar heat of fusion | 2.6 kJ/mol | 7.35 kJ/mol | 8.54 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 97.7 kJ/mol | 119 kJ/mol | 155 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 1230 J/(kg K) | 388 J/(kg K) | 631 J/(kg K) (properties at standard conditions)

| sodium | zinc | calcium density | 0.968 g/cm^3 | 7.14 g/cm^3 | 1.55 g/cm^3 liquid density | 0.927 g/cm^3 | 6.57 g/cm^3 | 1.378 g/cm^3 molar volume | 23.7 cm^3/mol | 9.16 cm^3/mol | 25.86 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 0.5 (between talc and gypsum) | 2.5 (between gypsum and calcite) | 1.75 (between gypsum and talc) Brinell hardness | 0.69 MPa | 412 MPa | 167 MPa bulk modulus | 6.3 GPa | 70 GPa | 17 GPa shear modulus | 3.3 GPa | 43 GPa | 7.4 GPa Young's modulus | 10 GPa | 108 GPa | 20 GPa Poisson ratio | | 0.25 | 0.31 ultimate tensile strength | 10 MPa | 37 MPa | refractive index | | 1.00205 | sound speed | 3200 m/s | 3700 m/s | 3810 m/s thermal expansion | 7.1×10^-5 K^(-1) | 3.02×10^-5 K^(-1) | 2.23×10^-5 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | 140 W/(m K) | 120 W/(m K) | 200 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

| sodium | zinc | calcium electrical type | conductor | conductor | conductor resistivity | 4.7×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 5.9×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 3.4×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 2.1×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1.7×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 2.9×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | paramagnetic | diamagnetic | paramagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | 8.5×10^-6 | -1.58×10^-5 | 2.139×10^-5 mass magnetic susceptibility | 8.8×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -2.21×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 1.38×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | 2×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -1.45×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 5.531×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | 2.36 eV (Polycrystalline) | (3.63 to 4.9) eV | 2.87 eV (Polycrystalline) threshold frequency | 5.706×10^14 Hz (hertz) | (8.777×10^14 to 1.185×10^15) Hz (hertz) | 6.94×10^14 Hz (hertz) superconducting point | | 0.85 K (kelvins) | color | (silver) | (slate gray) | (silver) refractive index | | 1.00205 |

| sodium | zinc | calcium valence | 1 | 2 | 2 electronegativity | 0.93 | 1.65 | 1 electron affinity | 52.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 0 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 2.37 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 495.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 906.4 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 589.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 495.8 kJ/mol | 4562 kJ/mol | 6910.3 kJ/mol | 9543 kJ/mol | 13354 kJ/mol | 16613 kJ/mol | 20117 kJ/mol | 25496 kJ/mol | 28932 kJ/mol | 141362 kJ/mol | 906.4 kJ/mol | 1733.3 kJ/mol | 3833 kJ/mol | 5731 kJ/mol | 7970 kJ/mol | 10400 kJ/mol | 12900 kJ/mol | 16800 kJ/mol | 19600 kJ/mol | 23000 kJ/mol | 26400 kJ/mol | 29990 kJ/mol | 40490 kJ/mol | 43800 kJ/mol | 47300 kJ/mol | 52300 kJ/mol | 55900 kJ/mol | 59700 kJ/mol | 67300 kJ/mol | 71200 kJ/mol | 179100 kJ/mol | 589.8 kJ/mol | 1145.4 kJ/mol | 4912.4 kJ/mol | 6491 kJ/mol | 8153 kJ/mol | 10496 kJ/mol | 12270 kJ/mol | 14206 kJ/mol | 18191 kJ/mol | 20385 kJ/mol | 57110 kJ/mol

Reactivity

| sodium | zinc | calcium term symbol | ^2S_(1/2) | ^1S_0 | ^1S_0 atomic radius | 180 pm | 135 pm | 180 pm covalent radius | 166 pm | 122 pm | 176 pm van der Waals radius | 227 pm | 139 pm | (electronic ground state properties)

| sodium | zinc | calcium universe abundance | 0.002 mass% | 3×10^-5 mass% | 0.007 mass% solar abundance | 0.004 mass% | 2×10^-4 mass% | 0.007 mass% meteorite abundance | 0.55 mass% | 0.018 mass% | 1.1 mass% crust abundance | 2.3 mass% | 0.0078 mass% | 5 mass% ocean abundance | 1.1 mass% | 5×10^-7 mass% | 4.2×10^-4 mass% human abundance | 0.14 mass% | 0.0033 mass% | 1.4 mass% universe molar abundance | 1×10^-4 mol% | 6×10^-7 mol% | 2×10^-4 mol% solar molar abundance | 2×10^-4 mol% | 3×10^-6 mol% | 2×10^-4 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 0.48 mol% | 0.0044 mol% | 0.52 mol% ocean molar abundance | 0.3 mol% | 4.7×10^-8 mol% | 6.5×10^-5 mol% crust molar abundance | 2.1 mol% | 0.0025 mol% | 2.6 mol% human molar abundance | 0.038 mol% | 3.2×10^-4 mol% | 0.22 mol%