Input interpretation
H_2O water + I2O ⟶ HOI hypoiodous acid
Balanced equation
Balance the chemical equation algebraically: H_2O + I2O ⟶ HOI Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 H_2O + c_2 I2O ⟶ c_3 HOI Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, O and I: H: | 2 c_1 = c_3 O: | c_1 + c_2 = c_3 I: | 2 c_2 = c_3 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_1 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 1 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 2 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | H_2O + I2O ⟶ 2 HOI
Structures
+ I2O ⟶
Names
water + I2O ⟶ hypoiodous acid
Equilibrium constant
![Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: H_2O + I2O ⟶ HOI Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: H_2O + I2O ⟶ 2 HOI Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2O | 1 | -1 I2O | 1 | -1 HOI | 2 | 2 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression H_2O | 1 | -1 | ([H2O])^(-1) I2O | 1 | -1 | ([I2O])^(-1) HOI | 2 | 2 | ([HOI])^2 The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([H2O])^(-1) ([I2O])^(-1) ([HOI])^2 = ([HOI])^2/([H2O] [I2O])](../image_source/19110297fe14dade282526d03cea7617.png)
Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: H_2O + I2O ⟶ HOI Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: H_2O + I2O ⟶ 2 HOI Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2O | 1 | -1 I2O | 1 | -1 HOI | 2 | 2 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression H_2O | 1 | -1 | ([H2O])^(-1) I2O | 1 | -1 | ([I2O])^(-1) HOI | 2 | 2 | ([HOI])^2 The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([H2O])^(-1) ([I2O])^(-1) ([HOI])^2 = ([HOI])^2/([H2O] [I2O])
Rate of reaction
![Construct the rate of reaction expression for: H_2O + I2O ⟶ HOI Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: H_2O + I2O ⟶ 2 HOI Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2O | 1 | -1 I2O | 1 | -1 HOI | 2 | 2 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term H_2O | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[H2O])/(Δt) I2O | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[I2O])/(Δt) HOI | 2 | 2 | 1/2 (Δ[HOI])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -(Δ[H2O])/(Δt) = -(Δ[I2O])/(Δt) = 1/2 (Δ[HOI])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)](../image_source/fb7cd276bacbe170d8f25fa8f913070a.png)
Construct the rate of reaction expression for: H_2O + I2O ⟶ HOI Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: H_2O + I2O ⟶ 2 HOI Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2O | 1 | -1 I2O | 1 | -1 HOI | 2 | 2 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term H_2O | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[H2O])/(Δt) I2O | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[I2O])/(Δt) HOI | 2 | 2 | 1/2 (Δ[HOI])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -(Δ[H2O])/(Δt) = -(Δ[I2O])/(Δt) = 1/2 (Δ[HOI])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)
Chemical names and formulas
| water | I2O | hypoiodous acid formula | H_2O | I2O | HOI Hill formula | H_2O | I2O | HIO name | water | | hypoiodous acid
Substance properties
| water | I2O | hypoiodous acid molar mass | 18.015 g/mol | 269.808 g/mol | 143.911 g/mol phase | liquid (at STP) | | melting point | 0 °C | | boiling point | 99.9839 °C | | density | 1 g/cm^3 | | surface tension | 0.0728 N/m | | dynamic viscosity | 8.9×10^-4 Pa s (at 25 °C) | | odor | odorless | |
Units
