cobalt vs calcium vs potassium vs scandium

cobalt (chemical element) | calcium (chemical element) | potassium (chemical element) | scandium (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| atomic symbol | atomic number | short electronic configuration cobalt | Co | 27 | [Ar]4s^23d^7 calcium | Ca | 20 | [Ar]4s^2 potassium | K | 19 | [Ar]4s^1 scandium | Sc | 21 | [Ar]4s^23d^1 | Aufbau diagram | block | group cobalt | 3d 4s | d | 9 calcium | 4s | s | 2 potassium | 4s | s | 1 scandium | 3d 4s | d | 3 | period | atomic mass | half-life cobalt | 4 | 58.933194 u | (stable) calcium | 4 | 40.078 u | (stable) potassium | 4 | 39.0983 u | (stable) scandium | 4 | 44.955908 u | (stable)

phase at STP | all | solid melting point | median | 1168 °C | highest | 1541 °C (scandium) | lowest | 63.38 °C (potassium) | distribution | boiling point | median | 2157 °C | highest | 2927 °C (cobalt) | lowest | 759 °C (potassium) | distribution | molar heat of fusion | median | 12.4 kJ/mol | highest | 16.2 kJ/mol (cobalt) | lowest | 2.33 kJ/mol (potassium) | distribution | molar heat of vaporization | median | 236 kJ/mol | highest | 375 kJ/mol (cobalt) | lowest | 76.9 kJ/mol (potassium) | distribution | specific heat at STP | median | 599 J/(kg K) | highest | 757 J/(kg K) (potassium) | lowest | 421 J/(kg K) (cobalt) | distribution | (properties at standard conditions)

density | median | 2.268 g/cm^3 | highest | 8.9 g/cm^3 (cobalt) | lowest | 0.856 g/cm^3 (potassium) | distribution | liquid density | median | 2.089 g/cm^3 | highest | 7.75 g/cm^3 (cobalt) | lowest | 0.828 g/cm^3 (potassium) | distribution | molar volume | median | 20.46 cm^3/mol | highest | 45.7 cm^3/mol (potassium) | lowest | 6.6 cm^3/mol (cobalt) | distribution | Mohs hardness | median | 1.75 | highest | 5 (≈ apatite) (cobalt) | lowest | 0.4 (between talc and gypsum) (potassium) Vickers hardness | all | 1043 MPa Brinell hardness | all | 0.363 MPa | 167 MPa | 700 MPa | 750 MPa bulk modulus | median | 37 GPa | highest | 180 GPa (cobalt) | lowest | 3.1 GPa (potassium) | distribution | shear modulus | median | 18 GPa | highest | 75 GPa (cobalt) | lowest | 1.3 GPa (potassium) | distribution | Young's modulus | median | 74 GPa | highest | 209 GPa (cobalt) | lowest | 20 GPa (calcium) | distribution | Poisson ratio | all | 0.28 | 0.31 ultimate tensile strength | all | 255 MPa sound speed | median | 3810 m/s | highest | 4720 m/s (cobalt) | lowest | 2000 m/s (potassium) | distribution | thermal expansion | median | 1.3×10^-5 K^(-1) | highest | 2.23×10^-5 K^(-1) (calcium) | lowest | 1.02×10^-5 K^(-1) (scandium) thermal conductivity | median | 100 W/(m K) | highest | 200 W/(m K) (calcium) | lowest | 16 W/(m K) (scandium) | distribution | (properties at standard conditions)

resistivity | median | 6.5×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | highest | 5.5×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) (scandium) | lowest | 3.4×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) (calcium) electrical conductivity | median | 1.5×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | highest | 2.9×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) (calcium) | lowest | 1.8×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) (scandium) | distribution | volume magnetic susceptibility | median | 2.139×10^-5 | highest | 2.627×10^-4 (scandium) | lowest | 5.74×10^-6 (potassium) mass magnetic susceptibility | median | 1.38×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | highest | 8.8×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) (scandium) | lowest | 6.7×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) (potassium) molar magnetic susceptibility | median | 5.531×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | highest | 3.956×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) (scandium) | lowest | 2.62×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) (potassium) work function | all | 2.29 eV | 2.87 eV | 3.5 eV | 5 eV

valence | median | 2.5 | highest | 4 (cobalt) | lowest | 1 (potassium) | distribution | electronegativity | median | 1.2 | highest | 1.88 (cobalt) | lowest | 0.82 (potassium) | distribution | electron affinity | median | 33.2 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | highest | 63.7 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (cobalt) | lowest | 2.37 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (calcium) | distribution | first ionization energy | median | 611.5 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | highest | 760.4 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (cobalt) | lowest | 418.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (potassium) | distribution |

term symbol | all | ^1S_0 | ^2D_(3/2) | ^2S_(1/2) | ^4F_(9/2) atomic radius | median | 170 pm | highest | 220 pm (potassium) | lowest | 135 pm (cobalt) | distribution | covalent radius | median | 173 pm | highest | 203 pm (potassium) | lowest | 126 pm (cobalt) | distribution | (electronic ground state properties)

universe abundance | median | 3×10^-4 mass% | highest | 0.007 mass% (calcium) | lowest | 3×10^-6 mass% (scandium) solar abundance | median | 4×10^-4 mass% | highest | 0.007 mass% (calcium) | lowest | 4×10^-6 mass% (scandium) meteorite abundance | median | 0.064 mass% | highest | 1.1 mass% (calcium) | lowest | 6.4×10^-4 mass% (scandium) crust abundance | median | 0.75 mass% | highest | 5 mass% (calcium) | lowest | 0.0026 mass% (scandium) ocean abundance | median | 2.1×10^-4 mass% | highest | 0.042 mass% (potassium) | lowest | 1.5×10^-10 mass% (scandium) human abundance | median | 0.2 mass% | highest | 1.4 mass% (calcium) | lowest | 2×10^-6 mass% (cobalt) universe molar abundance | median | 8×10^-6 mol% | highest | 2×10^-4 mol% (calcium) | lowest | 1×10^-7 mol% (scandium) solar molar abundance | median | 8.4×10^-6 mol% | highest | 2×10^-4 mol% (calcium) | lowest | 9.9×10^-8 mol% (scandium) meteorite molar abundance | median | 0.028 mol% | highest | 0.52 mol% (calcium) | lowest | 2.9×10^-4 mol% (scandium) ocean molar abundance | median | 3.3×10^-5 mol% | highest | 0.0066 mol% (potassium) | lowest | 2.1×10^-11 mol% (scandium) crust molar abundance | median | 0.39 mol% | highest | 2.6 mol% (calcium) | lowest | 9.9×10^-4 mol% (cobalt) human molar abundance | median | 0.032 mol% | highest | 0.22 mol% (calcium) | lowest | 2×10^-7 mol% (cobalt)