Zn + PbCl2 = Pb + ZnCl2

Zn zinc + PbCl_2 lead(II) chloride ⟶ Pb lead + ZnCl_2 zinc chloride

Balance the chemical equation algebraically: Zn + PbCl_2 ⟶ Pb + ZnCl_2 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 Zn + c_2 PbCl_2 ⟶ c_3 Pb + c_4 ZnCl_2 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for Zn, Cl and Pb: Zn: | c_1 = c_4 Cl: | 2 c_2 = 2 c_4 Pb: | c_2 = c_3 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_1 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 1 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 1 c_4 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | Zn + PbCl_2 ⟶ Pb + ZnCl_2

+ ⟶ +

zinc + lead(II) chloride ⟶ lead + zinc chloride

| zinc | lead(II) chloride | lead | zinc chloride molecular enthalpy | 0 kJ/mol | -359.4 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol | -415.1 kJ/mol total enthalpy | 0 kJ/mol | -359.4 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol | -415.1 kJ/mol | H_initial = -359.4 kJ/mol | | H_final = -415.1 kJ/mol | ΔH_rxn^0 | -415.1 kJ/mol - -359.4 kJ/mol = -55.7 kJ/mol (exothermic) | | |

Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: Zn + PbCl_2 ⟶ Pb + ZnCl_2 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: Zn + PbCl_2 ⟶ Pb + ZnCl_2 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i Zn | 1 | -1 PbCl_2 | 1 | -1 Pb | 1 | 1 ZnCl_2 | 1 | 1 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression Zn | 1 | -1 | ([Zn])^(-1) PbCl_2 | 1 | -1 | ([PbCl2])^(-1) Pb | 1 | 1 | [Pb] ZnCl_2 | 1 | 1 | [ZnCl2] The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([Zn])^(-1) ([PbCl2])^(-1) [Pb] [ZnCl2] = ([Pb] [ZnCl2])/([Zn] [PbCl2])

Construct the rate of reaction expression for: Zn + PbCl_2 ⟶ Pb + ZnCl_2 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: Zn + PbCl_2 ⟶ Pb + ZnCl_2 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i Zn | 1 | -1 PbCl_2 | 1 | -1 Pb | 1 | 1 ZnCl_2 | 1 | 1 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term Zn | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[Zn])/(Δt) PbCl_2 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[PbCl2])/(Δt) Pb | 1 | 1 | (Δ[Pb])/(Δt) ZnCl_2 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[ZnCl2])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -(Δ[Zn])/(Δt) = -(Δ[PbCl2])/(Δt) = (Δ[Pb])/(Δt) = (Δ[ZnCl2])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)

| zinc | lead(II) chloride | lead | zinc chloride formula | Zn | PbCl_2 | Pb | ZnCl_2 Hill formula | Zn | Cl_2Pb | Pb | Cl_2Zn name | zinc | lead(II) chloride | lead | zinc chloride IUPAC name | zinc | dichlorolead | lead | zinc dichloride

| zinc | lead(II) chloride | lead | zinc chloride molar mass | 65.38 g/mol | 278.1 g/mol | 207.2 g/mol | 136.3 g/mol phase | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) melting point | 420 °C | 501 °C | 327.4 °C | 293 °C boiling point | 907 °C | 950 °C | 1740 °C | density | 7.14 g/cm^3 | 5.85 g/cm^3 | 11.34 g/cm^3 | solubility in water | insoluble | | insoluble | soluble dynamic viscosity | | | 0.00183 Pa s (at 38 °C) | odor | odorless | | | odorless