vanadium vs zinc vs nickel vs chromium vs cobalt

vanadium (chemical element) | zinc (chemical element) | nickel (chemical element) | chromium (chemical element) | cobalt (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| atomic symbol | atomic number | short electronic configuration vanadium | V | 23 | [Ar]4s^23d^3 zinc | Zn | 30 | [Ar]4s^23d^10 nickel | Ni | 28 | [Ar]4s^23d^8 chromium | Cr | 24 | [Ar]4s^13d^5 cobalt | Co | 27 | [Ar]4s^23d^7 | Aufbau diagram | block | group vanadium | 3d 4s | d | 5 zinc | 3d 4s | d | 12 nickel | 3d 4s | d | 10 chromium | 3d 4s | d | 6 cobalt | 3d 4s | d | 9 | period | atomic mass | half-life vanadium | 4 | 50.9415 u | (stable) zinc | 4 | 65.38 u | (stable) nickel | 4 | 58.6934 u | (stable) chromium | 4 | 51.9961 u | (stable) cobalt | 4 | 58.933194 u | (stable)

phase at STP | all | solid melting point | median | 1495 °C | highest | 1910 °C (vanadium) | lowest | 419.53 °C (zinc) | distribution | boiling point | median | 2913 °C | highest | 3407 °C (vanadium) | lowest | 907 °C (zinc) | distribution | molar heat of fusion | median | 17.2 kJ/mol | highest | 22.8 kJ/mol (vanadium) | lowest | 7.35 kJ/mol (zinc) | distribution | molar heat of vaporization | median | 375 kJ/mol | highest | 453 kJ/mol (vanadium) | lowest | 119 kJ/mol (zinc) | distribution | specific heat at STP | median | 445 J/(kg K) | highest | 489 J/(kg K) (vanadium) | lowest | 388 J/(kg K) (zinc) | distribution | (properties at standard conditions)

density | median | 7.19 g/cm^3 | highest | 8.908 g/cm^3 (nickel) | lowest | 6.11 g/cm^3 (vanadium) | distribution | liquid density | median | 6.57 g/cm^3 | highest | 7.81 g/cm^3 (nickel) | lowest | 5.5 g/cm^3 (vanadium) | distribution | molar volume | median | 7.232 cm^3/mol | highest | 9.16 cm^3/mol (zinc) | lowest | 6.589 cm^3/mol (nickel) | distribution | Mohs hardness | median | 5 | highest | 8.5 (between topaz and corundum) (chromium) | lowest | 2.5 (between gypsum and calcite) (zinc) | distribution | Vickers hardness | all | 628 MPa | 638 MPa | 1043 MPa | 1060 MPa Brinell hardness | all | 412 MPa | 628 MPa | 700 MPa | 1120 MPa bulk modulus | median | 160 GPa | highest | 180 GPa (nickel and cobalt) | lowest | 70 GPa (zinc) | distribution | shear modulus | median | 76 GPa | highest | 115 GPa (chromium) | lowest | 43 GPa (zinc) | distribution | Young's modulus | median | 200 GPa | highest | 279 GPa (chromium) | lowest | 108 GPa (zinc) | distribution | Poisson ratio | all | 0.21 | 0.25 | 0.31 | 0.37 ultimate tensile strength | all | 37 MPa | 317 MPa sound speed | median | 4720 m/s | highest | 5940 m/s (chromium) | lowest | 3700 m/s (zinc) | distribution | thermal expansion | median | 1.3×10^-5 K^(-1) | highest | 3.02×10^-5 K^(-1) (zinc) | lowest | 4.9×10^-6 K^(-1) (chromium) | distribution | thermal conductivity | median | 94 W/(m K) | highest | 120 W/(m K) (zinc) | lowest | 31 W/(m K) (vanadium) | distribution | (properties at standard conditions)

resistivity | median | 7×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | highest | 2×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) (vanadium) | lowest | 5.9×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) (zinc) | distribution | electrical conductivity | median | 1.4×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | highest | 1.7×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) (zinc and cobalt) | lowest | 5×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) (vanadium) | distribution | volume magnetic susceptibility | median | 3.177×10^-4 | highest | 3.837×10^-4 (vanadium) | lowest | -1.58×10^-5 (zinc) mass magnetic susceptibility | median | 4.45×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | highest | 6.28×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) (vanadium) | lowest | -2.21×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) (zinc) | distribution | molar magnetic susceptibility | median | 2.314×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | highest | 3.199×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) (vanadium) | lowest | -1.45×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) (zinc) | distribution | work function | all | 4.3 eV | 4.5 eV | 5 eV | (3.63 to 4.9) eV | (5.04 to 5.35) eV

valence | median | 4 | highest | 6 (chromium) | lowest | 2 (zinc and nickel) | distribution | electronegativity | median | 1.66 | highest | 1.91 (nickel) | lowest | 1.63 (vanadium) | distribution | electron affinity | median | 63.7 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | highest | 112 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (nickel) | lowest | 0 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (zinc) | distribution | first ionization energy | median | 737.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | highest | 906.4 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (zinc) | lowest | 650.9 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (vanadium) | distribution |

term symbol | all | ^1S_0 | ^3F_4 | ^4F_(3/2) | ^4F_(9/2) | ^7S_3 atomic radius | median | 135 pm | highest | 140 pm (chromium) | lowest | 135 pm (4 elements) covalent radius | median | 126 pm | highest | 153 pm (vanadium) | lowest | 122 pm (zinc) | distribution | (electronic ground state properties)