sodium vs lithium vs cesium

sodium (chemical element) | lithium (chemical element) | cesium (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| sodium | lithium | cesium atomic symbol | Na | Li | Cs atomic number | 11 | 3 | 55 short electronic configuration | [Ne]3s^1 | [He]2s^1 | [Xe]6s^1 Aufbau diagram | 3s | 2s | 6s block | s | s | s group | 1 | 1 | 1 period | 3 | 2 | 6 atomic mass | 22.98976928 u | 6.94 u | 132.90545196 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)

| sodium | lithium | cesium phase at STP | solid | solid | solid melting point | 97.72 °C | 180.54 °C | 28.44 °C boiling point | 883 °C | 1342 °C | 671 °C critical temperature | 2573 K | 3223 K | 1938 K critical pressure | 35 MPa | 67 MPa | 9.4 MPa molar heat of fusion | 2.6 kJ/mol | 3 kJ/mol | 2.09 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 97.7 kJ/mol | 147 kJ/mol | 65 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 1230 J/(kg K) | 3570 J/(kg K) | 242 J/(kg K) (properties at standard conditions)

| sodium | lithium | cesium density | 0.968 g/cm^3 | 0.535 g/cm^3 | 1.879 g/cm^3 liquid density | 0.927 g/cm^3 | 0.512 g/cm^3 | 1.843 g/cm^3 molar volume | 23.7 cm^3/mol | 13 cm^3/mol | 70.73 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 0.5 (between talc and gypsum) | 0.6 (between talc and gypsum) | 0.2 (between talc and gypsum) Brinell hardness | 0.69 MPa | | 0.14 MPa bulk modulus | 6.3 GPa | 11 GPa | 1.6 GPa shear modulus | 3.3 GPa | 4.2 GPa | Young's modulus | 10 GPa | 4.9 GPa | 1.7 GPa ultimate tensile strength | 10 MPa | 15 MPa | sound speed | 3200 m/s | 6000 m/s | thermal expansion | 7.1×10^-5 K^(-1) | 4.6×10^-5 K^(-1) | thermal conductivity | 140 W/(m K) | 85 W/(m K) | 36 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

| sodium | lithium | cesium electrical type | conductor | conductor | conductor resistivity | 4.7×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 9.4×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 2×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 2.1×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1.1×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 5×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | paramagnetic | paramagnetic | paramagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | 8.5×10^-6 | 1.37×10^-5 | 5.26×10^-6 mass magnetic susceptibility | 8.8×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 2.56×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 2.8×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | 2×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 1.78×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 3.72×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | 2.36 eV (Polycrystalline) | 2.93 eV (Polycrystalline) | 1.95 eV (Polycrystalline) threshold frequency | 5.706×10^14 Hz (hertz) | 7.085×10^14 Hz (hertz) | 4.715×10^14 Hz (hertz) color | (silver) | (silver) | (yellow)

| sodium | lithium | cesium valence | 1 | 1 | 1 electronegativity | 0.93 | 0.98 | 0.79 electron affinity | 52.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 59.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 45.5 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 495.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 520.2 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 375.7 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 495.8 kJ/mol | 4562 kJ/mol | 6910.3 kJ/mol | 9543 kJ/mol | 13354 kJ/mol | 16613 kJ/mol | 20117 kJ/mol | 25496 kJ/mol | 28932 kJ/mol | 141362 kJ/mol | 520.2 kJ/mol | 7298.1 kJ/mol | 11815 kJ/mol | 375.7 kJ/mol | 2234.3 kJ/mol | 3400 kJ/mol

Reactivity

| sodium | lithium | cesium term symbol | ^2S_(1/2) | ^2S_(1/2) | ^2S_(1/2) atomic radius | 180 pm | 145 pm | 260 pm covalent radius | 166 pm | 128 pm | 244 pm van der Waals radius | 227 pm | 182 pm | (electronic ground state properties)

| sodium | lithium | cesium universe abundance | 0.002 mass% | 6×10^-7 mass% | 8×10^-8 mass% solar abundance | 0.004 mass% | 6×10^-9 mass% | 8×10^-7 mass% meteorite abundance | 0.55 mass% | 1.7×10^-4 mass% | 1.4×10^-5 mass% crust abundance | 2.3 mass% | 0.0017 mass% | 1.9×10^-4 mass% ocean abundance | 1.1 mass% | 1.8×10^-5 mass% | 5×10^-8 mass% human abundance | 0.14 mass% | 3×10^-6 mass% | 2×10^-6 mass% universe molar abundance | 1×10^-4 mol% | 1×10^-7 mol% | 1×10^-9 mol% solar molar abundance | 2×10^-4 mol% | 9.9×10^-10 mol% | 7×10^-9 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 0.48 mol% | 4.6×10^-4 mol% | 2×10^-6 mol% ocean molar abundance | 0.3 mol% | 1.6×10^-5 mol% | 2.3×10^-9 mol% crust molar abundance | 2.1 mol% | 0.005 mol% | 2.9×10^-5 mol% human molar abundance | 0.038 mol% | 2.7×10^-6 mol% | 1×10^-7 mol%