calcium vs sulfur vs potassium

calcium (chemical element) | sulfur (chemical element) | potassium (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| calcium | sulfur | potassium atomic symbol | Ca | S | K atomic number | 20 | 16 | 19 short electronic configuration | [Ar]4s^2 | [Ne]3s^23p^4 | [Ar]4s^1 Aufbau diagram | 4s | 3p 3s | 4s block | s | p | s group | 2 | 16 | 1 period | 4 | 3 | 4 atomic mass | 40.078 u | 32.06 u | 39.0983 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)

| calcium | sulfur | potassium phase at STP | solid | solid | solid melting point | 842 °C | 115.21 °C | 63.38 °C boiling point | 1484 °C | 444.72 °C | 759 °C critical temperature | | 1314 K | 2223 K critical pressure | | 20.7 MPa | 16 MPa molar heat of fusion | 8.54 kJ/mol | 1.73 kJ/mol | 2.33 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 155 kJ/mol | 9.8 kJ/mol | 76.9 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 631 J/(kg K) | 705 J/(kg K) | 757 J/(kg K) (properties at standard conditions)

| calcium | sulfur | potassium density | 1.55 g/cm^3 | 1.96 g/cm^3 | 0.856 g/cm^3 liquid density | 1.378 g/cm^3 | 1.819 g/cm^3 | 0.828 g/cm^3 molar volume | 25.86 cm^3/mol | 16.36 cm^3/mol | 45.7 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 1.75 (between gypsum and talc) | 2 (≈ gypsum) | 0.4 (between talc and gypsum) Brinell hardness | 167 MPa | | 0.363 MPa bulk modulus | 17 GPa | 7.7 GPa | 3.1 GPa shear modulus | 7.4 GPa | | 1.3 GPa Young's modulus | 20 GPa | | Poisson ratio | 0.31 | | refractive index | | 1.001111 | sound speed | 3810 m/s | | 2000 m/s thermal expansion | 2.23×10^-5 K^(-1) | | thermal conductivity | 200 W/(m K) | 0.205 W/(m K) | 100 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

| calcium | sulfur | potassium electrical type | conductor | insulator | conductor resistivity | 3.4×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 1×10^15 Ω m (ohm meters) | 7×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 2.9×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1×10^-15 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1.4×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | paramagnetic | diamagnetic | paramagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | 2.139×10^-5 | -1.22×10^-5 | 5.74×10^-6 mass magnetic susceptibility | 1.38×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -6.2×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 6.7×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | 5.531×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -1.99×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 2.62×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | 2.87 eV (Polycrystalline) | | 2.29 eV (Polycrystalline) threshold frequency | 6.94×10^14 Hz (hertz) | | 5.537×10^14 Hz (hertz) color | (silver) | (yellow) | (silver) refractive index | | 1.001111 |

| calcium | sulfur | potassium valence | 2 | 6 | 1 electronegativity | 1 | 2.58 | 0.82 electron affinity | 2.37 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 200 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 48.4 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 589.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 999.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 418.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 589.8 kJ/mol | 1145.4 kJ/mol | 4912.4 kJ/mol | 6491 kJ/mol | 8153 kJ/mol | 10496 kJ/mol | 12270 kJ/mol | 14206 kJ/mol | 18191 kJ/mol | 20385 kJ/mol | 57110 kJ/mol | 999.6 kJ/mol | 2252 kJ/mol | 3357 kJ/mol | 4556 kJ/mol | 7004.3 kJ/mol | 8495.8 kJ/mol | 27107 kJ/mol | 31719 kJ/mol | 36621 kJ/mol | 43177 kJ/mol | 418.8 kJ/mol | 3052 kJ/mol | 4420 kJ/mol | 5877 kJ/mol | 7975 kJ/mol | 9590 kJ/mol | 11343 kJ/mol | 14944 kJ/mol | 16963.7 kJ/mol | 48610 kJ/mol

Reactivity

| calcium | sulfur | potassium term symbol | ^1S_0 | ^3P_2 | ^2S_(1/2) atomic radius | 180 pm | 100 pm | 220 pm covalent radius | 176 pm | 105 pm | 203 pm van der Waals radius | | 180 pm | 275 pm (electronic ground state properties)

| calcium | sulfur | potassium universe abundance | 0.007 mass% | 0.05 mass% | 3×10^-4 mass% solar abundance | 0.007 mass% | 0.04 mass% | 4×10^-4 mass% meteorite abundance | 1.1 mass% | 4 mass% | 0.07 mass% crust abundance | 5 mass% | 0.042 mass% | 1.5 mass% ocean abundance | 4.2×10^-4 mass% | 0.093 mass% | 0.042 mass% human abundance | 1.4 mass% | 0.2 mass% | 0.2 mass% universe molar abundance | 2×10^-4 mol% | 0.002 mol% | 1×10^-5 mol% solar molar abundance | 2×10^-4 mol% | 9.9×10^-4 mol% | 9.9×10^-6 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 0.52 mol% | 2.2 mol% | 0.037 mol% ocean molar abundance | 6.5×10^-5 mol% | 0.018 mol% | 0.0066 mol% crust molar abundance | 2.6 mol% | 0.027 mol% | 0.78 mol% human molar abundance | 0.22 mol% | 0.039 mol% | 0.032 mol%

| calcium | sulfur | potassium half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable) stable isotopes | Ca-40 (96.94%) | Ca-44 (2.09%) | Ca-42 (0.647%) | Ca-43 (0.135%) | Ca-46 (4×10^-5) | S-32 (95.02%) | S-34 (4.21%) | S-33 (0.75%) | S-36 (2×10^-4) | K-39 (93.2581%) | K-41 (6.7302%) nuclear spin | Ca-34: 0^+ | Ca-35: 1/2^+ | Ca-36: 0^+ | Ca-37: 3/2^+ | Ca-38: 0^+ | Ca-39: 3/2^+ | Ca-40: 0^+ | Ca-41: 7/2^- | Ca-42: 0^+ | Ca-43: 7/2^- | Ca-44: 0^+ | Ca-45: 7/2^- | Ca-46: 0^+ | Ca-47: 7/2^- | Ca-48: 0^+ | Ca-49: 3/2^- | Ca-50: 0^+ | Ca-51: 3/2^- | Ca-52: 0^+ | Ca-54: 0^+ | Ca-55: 5/2^- | Ca-56: 0^+ | Ca-57: 5/2^- | S-26: 0^+ | S-27: 5/2^+ | S-28: 0^+ | S-29: 5/2^+ | S-30: 0^+ | S-31: 1/2^+ | S-32: 0^+ | S-33: 3/2^+ | S-34: 0^+ | S-35: 3/2^+ | S-36: 0^+ | S-37: 7/2^- | S-38: 0^+ | S-39: 7/2^- | S-40: 0^+ | S-41: 7/2^- | S-42: 0^+ | S-43: 3/2^- | S-44: 0^+ | S-45: 3/2^- | S-46: 0^+ | S-47: 3/2^- | S-48: 0^+ | S-49: 3/2^- | K-32: 1^+ | K-33: 3/2^+ | K-34: 1^+ | K-35: 3/2^+ | K-36: 2^+ | K-37: 3/2^+ | K-38: 3^+ | K-39: 3/2^+ | K-40: 4^- | K-41: 3/2^+ | K-42: 2^- | K-43: 3/2^+ | K-44: 2^- | K-45: 3/2^+ | K-46: 2^- | K-47: 1/2^+ | K-48: 2^- | K-49: 3/2^+ | K-52: 2^- | K-53: 3/2^+ | K-54: 2^- | K-55: 3/2^+ unstable isotopes | Ca-48 (1.9×10^19 yr) | Ca-41 (0.102 Myr) | Ca-45 (162.61 days) | Ca-47 (108.9 h) | Ca-49 (8.718 min) | Ca-50 (13.9 s) | Ca-51 (10 s) | Ca-52 (4.6 s) | Ca-39 (859.6 ms) | Ca-38 (440 ms) | Ca-37 (181.1 ms) | Ca-36 (102 ms) | Ca-53 (90 ms) | Ca-55 (30 ms) | Ca-35 (25.7 ms) | Ca-56 (10 ms) | Ca-57 (5 ms) | Ca-54 (300 ns) | Ca-34 (35 ns) | S-35 (87.51 days) | S-38 (170.33 min) | S-37 (5.05 min) | S-39 (11.5 s) | S-40 (8.8 s) | S-31 (2.572 s) | S-41 (1.99 s) | S-30 (1.178 s) | S-42 (1.013 s) | S-43 (280 ms) | S-29 (187 ms) | S-28 (125 ms) | S-44 (100 ms) | S-45 (68 ms) | S-46 (50 ms) | S-47 (20 ms) | S-27 (15.5 ms) | S-26 (10 ms) | S-49 (200 ns) | S-48 (200 ns) | K-40 (1.248 Gyr) | K-43 (22.3 h) | K-42 (12.321 h) | K-44 (22.13 min) | K-45 (17.81 min) | K-38 (7.637 min) | K-46 (105 s) | K-47 (17.5 s) | K-48 (6.8 s) | K-49 (1.26 s) | K-37 (1.226 s) | K-50 (472 ms) | K-51 (365 ms) | K-36 (342 ms) | K-35 (178 ms) | K-52 (105 ms) | K-53 (30 ms) | K-54 (10 ms) | K-55 (3 ms) | K-34 (25 ns) | K-33 (25 ns) neutron cross-section | 0.43 b | 0.52 b | 2.1 b neutron mass absorption | 3.7×10^-4 m^2/kg | 5.5×10^-4 m^2/kg | 0.0018 m^2/kg

| calcium | sulfur | potassium CAS number | 7440-70-2 | 7704-34-9 | 7440-09-7 PubChem CID number | 5460341 | | 5462222