Input interpretation
![NaOH sodium hydroxide + Cr(OH)3 ⟶ H_2O water + NaCrO2](../image_source/1bef231332abdbfe8ab803c3a51d2e7a.png)
NaOH sodium hydroxide + Cr(OH)3 ⟶ H_2O water + NaCrO2
Balanced equation
![Balance the chemical equation algebraically: NaOH + Cr(OH)3 ⟶ H_2O + NaCrO2 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 NaOH + c_2 Cr(OH)3 ⟶ c_3 H_2O + c_4 NaCrO2 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, Na, O and Cr: H: | c_1 + 3 c_2 = 2 c_3 Na: | c_1 = c_4 O: | c_1 + 3 c_2 = c_3 + 2 c_4 Cr: | c_2 = c_4 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_1 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 1 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 2 c_4 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | NaOH + Cr(OH)3 ⟶ 2 H_2O + NaCrO2](../image_source/c7a2dd2ddfdd0776edda810fe865ec97.png)
Balance the chemical equation algebraically: NaOH + Cr(OH)3 ⟶ H_2O + NaCrO2 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 NaOH + c_2 Cr(OH)3 ⟶ c_3 H_2O + c_4 NaCrO2 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, Na, O and Cr: H: | c_1 + 3 c_2 = 2 c_3 Na: | c_1 = c_4 O: | c_1 + 3 c_2 = c_3 + 2 c_4 Cr: | c_2 = c_4 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_1 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 1 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 2 c_4 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | NaOH + Cr(OH)3 ⟶ 2 H_2O + NaCrO2
Structures
![+ Cr(OH)3 ⟶ + NaCrO2](../image_source/362d65187039dba6ae2f3fd5b7108002.png)
+ Cr(OH)3 ⟶ + NaCrO2
Names
![sodium hydroxide + Cr(OH)3 ⟶ water + NaCrO2](../image_source/79e16fa8c62d8bacf00181dda21c5dbe.png)
sodium hydroxide + Cr(OH)3 ⟶ water + NaCrO2
Equilibrium constant
![Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: NaOH + Cr(OH)3 ⟶ H_2O + NaCrO2 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: NaOH + Cr(OH)3 ⟶ 2 H_2O + NaCrO2 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i NaOH | 1 | -1 Cr(OH)3 | 1 | -1 H_2O | 2 | 2 NaCrO2 | 1 | 1 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression NaOH | 1 | -1 | ([NaOH])^(-1) Cr(OH)3 | 1 | -1 | ([Cr(OH)3])^(-1) H_2O | 2 | 2 | ([H2O])^2 NaCrO2 | 1 | 1 | [NaCrO2] The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([NaOH])^(-1) ([Cr(OH)3])^(-1) ([H2O])^2 [NaCrO2] = (([H2O])^2 [NaCrO2])/([NaOH] [Cr(OH)3])](../image_source/8cff99d9782d2a2e56a85883847f8879.png)
Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: NaOH + Cr(OH)3 ⟶ H_2O + NaCrO2 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: NaOH + Cr(OH)3 ⟶ 2 H_2O + NaCrO2 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i NaOH | 1 | -1 Cr(OH)3 | 1 | -1 H_2O | 2 | 2 NaCrO2 | 1 | 1 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression NaOH | 1 | -1 | ([NaOH])^(-1) Cr(OH)3 | 1 | -1 | ([Cr(OH)3])^(-1) H_2O | 2 | 2 | ([H2O])^2 NaCrO2 | 1 | 1 | [NaCrO2] The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([NaOH])^(-1) ([Cr(OH)3])^(-1) ([H2O])^2 [NaCrO2] = (([H2O])^2 [NaCrO2])/([NaOH] [Cr(OH)3])
Rate of reaction
![Construct the rate of reaction expression for: NaOH + Cr(OH)3 ⟶ H_2O + NaCrO2 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: NaOH + Cr(OH)3 ⟶ 2 H_2O + NaCrO2 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i NaOH | 1 | -1 Cr(OH)3 | 1 | -1 H_2O | 2 | 2 NaCrO2 | 1 | 1 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term NaOH | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[NaOH])/(Δt) Cr(OH)3 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[Cr(OH)3])/(Δt) H_2O | 2 | 2 | 1/2 (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) NaCrO2 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[NaCrO2])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -(Δ[NaOH])/(Δt) = -(Δ[Cr(OH)3])/(Δt) = 1/2 (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) = (Δ[NaCrO2])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)](../image_source/c1b2ce15f4d590d152d5ef081cdb2a27.png)
Construct the rate of reaction expression for: NaOH + Cr(OH)3 ⟶ H_2O + NaCrO2 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: NaOH + Cr(OH)3 ⟶ 2 H_2O + NaCrO2 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i NaOH | 1 | -1 Cr(OH)3 | 1 | -1 H_2O | 2 | 2 NaCrO2 | 1 | 1 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term NaOH | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[NaOH])/(Δt) Cr(OH)3 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[Cr(OH)3])/(Δt) H_2O | 2 | 2 | 1/2 (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) NaCrO2 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[NaCrO2])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -(Δ[NaOH])/(Δt) = -(Δ[Cr(OH)3])/(Δt) = 1/2 (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) = (Δ[NaCrO2])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)
Chemical names and formulas
![| sodium hydroxide | Cr(OH)3 | water | NaCrO2 formula | NaOH | Cr(OH)3 | H_2O | NaCrO2 Hill formula | HNaO | H3CrO3 | H_2O | CrNaO2 name | sodium hydroxide | | water |](../image_source/3bd19d21e0e4739a6425271265de8f8f.png)
| sodium hydroxide | Cr(OH)3 | water | NaCrO2 formula | NaOH | Cr(OH)3 | H_2O | NaCrO2 Hill formula | HNaO | H3CrO3 | H_2O | CrNaO2 name | sodium hydroxide | | water |
Substance properties
![| sodium hydroxide | Cr(OH)3 | water | NaCrO2 molar mass | 39.997 g/mol | 103.02 g/mol | 18.015 g/mol | 106.98 g/mol phase | solid (at STP) | | liquid (at STP) | melting point | 323 °C | | 0 °C | boiling point | 1390 °C | | 99.9839 °C | density | 2.13 g/cm^3 | | 1 g/cm^3 | solubility in water | soluble | | | surface tension | 0.07435 N/m | | 0.0728 N/m | dynamic viscosity | 0.004 Pa s (at 350 °C) | | 8.9×10^-4 Pa s (at 25 °C) | odor | | | odorless |](../image_source/adf73ddd97aacccdac6522209016f3e4.png)
| sodium hydroxide | Cr(OH)3 | water | NaCrO2 molar mass | 39.997 g/mol | 103.02 g/mol | 18.015 g/mol | 106.98 g/mol phase | solid (at STP) | | liquid (at STP) | melting point | 323 °C | | 0 °C | boiling point | 1390 °C | | 99.9839 °C | density | 2.13 g/cm^3 | | 1 g/cm^3 | solubility in water | soluble | | | surface tension | 0.07435 N/m | | 0.0728 N/m | dynamic viscosity | 0.004 Pa s (at 350 °C) | | 8.9×10^-4 Pa s (at 25 °C) | odor | | | odorless |
Units