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iodine vs fluorine vs bromine

Input interpretation

iodine (chemical element) | fluorine (chemical element) | bromine (chemical element)
iodine (chemical element) | fluorine (chemical element) | bromine (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Periodic table location
Periodic table location

Images

Images
Images

Basic elemental properties

| iodine | fluorine | bromine atomic symbol | I | F | Br atomic number | 53 | 9 | 35 short electronic configuration | [Kr]5s^24d^105p^5 | [He]2s^22p^5 | [Ar]4s^23d^104p^5 Aufbau diagram | 5p 4d 5s | 2p 2s | 4p 3d 4s block | p | p | p group | 17 | 17 | 17 period | 5 | 2 | 4 atomic mass | 126.90447 u | 18.998403163 u | 79.904 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)
| iodine | fluorine | bromine atomic symbol | I | F | Br atomic number | 53 | 9 | 35 short electronic configuration | [Kr]5s^24d^105p^5 | [He]2s^22p^5 | [Ar]4s^23d^104p^5 Aufbau diagram | 5p 4d 5s | 2p 2s | 4p 3d 4s block | p | p | p group | 17 | 17 | 17 period | 5 | 2 | 4 atomic mass | 126.90447 u | 18.998403163 u | 79.904 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)

Thermodynamic properties

| iodine | fluorine | bromine phase at STP | solid | gas | liquid melting point | 113.7 °C | -219.6 °C | -7.3 °C boiling point | 184.3 °C | -188.12 °C | 59 °C critical temperature | 819 K | 144.13 K | 588 K critical pressure | 11.7 MPa | 5.172 MPa | 10.34 MPa molar heat of fusion | 7.76 kJ/mol | 0.26 kJ/mol | 5.8 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 20.9 kJ/mol | 3.27 kJ/mol | 14.8 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 429 J/(kg K) | 824 J/(kg K) | 947.3 J/(kg K) adiabatic index | | 7/5 | (properties at standard conditions)
| iodine | fluorine | bromine phase at STP | solid | gas | liquid melting point | 113.7 °C | -219.6 °C | -7.3 °C boiling point | 184.3 °C | -188.12 °C | 59 °C critical temperature | 819 K | 144.13 K | 588 K critical pressure | 11.7 MPa | 5.172 MPa | 10.34 MPa molar heat of fusion | 7.76 kJ/mol | 0.26 kJ/mol | 5.8 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 20.9 kJ/mol | 3.27 kJ/mol | 14.8 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 429 J/(kg K) | 824 J/(kg K) | 947.3 J/(kg K) adiabatic index | | 7/5 | (properties at standard conditions)

Material properties

| iodine | fluorine | bromine density | 4.94 g/cm^3 | 0.001696 g/cm^3 | 3.12 g/cm^3 liquid density | | | 3.12 g/cm^3 molar volume | 25.69 cm^3/mol | 11200 cm^3/mol | 25.61 cm^3/mol bulk modulus | 7.7 GPa | | 1.9 GPa refractive index | | 1.000195 | 1.001132 thermal conductivity | 0.449 W/(m K) | 0.0277 W/(m K) | 0.12 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)
| iodine | fluorine | bromine density | 4.94 g/cm^3 | 0.001696 g/cm^3 | 3.12 g/cm^3 liquid density | | | 3.12 g/cm^3 molar volume | 25.69 cm^3/mol | 11200 cm^3/mol | 25.61 cm^3/mol bulk modulus | 7.7 GPa | | 1.9 GPa refractive index | | 1.000195 | 1.001132 thermal conductivity | 0.449 W/(m K) | 0.0277 W/(m K) | 0.12 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

Electromagnetic properties

| iodine | fluorine | bromine electrical type | insulator | | insulator resistivity | 1×10^7 Ω m (ohm meters) | | 1×10^10 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 1×10^-7 S/m (siemens per meter) | | 1×10^-10 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | diamagnetic | | diamagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | -2.22×10^-5 | | -1.53×10^-5 mass magnetic susceptibility | -4.5×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | | -4.9×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | -1.14×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | | -7.83×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) color | (slate gray) | (colorless) | (red) refractive index | | 1.000195 | 1.001132
| iodine | fluorine | bromine electrical type | insulator | | insulator resistivity | 1×10^7 Ω m (ohm meters) | | 1×10^10 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 1×10^-7 S/m (siemens per meter) | | 1×10^-10 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | diamagnetic | | diamagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | -2.22×10^-5 | | -1.53×10^-5 mass magnetic susceptibility | -4.5×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | | -4.9×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | -1.14×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | | -7.83×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) color | (slate gray) | (colorless) | (red) refractive index | | 1.000195 | 1.001132

Reactivity

| iodine | fluorine | bromine valence | 7 | 1 | 5 electronegativity | 2.66 | 3.98 | 2.96 electron affinity | 295.2 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 328 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 324.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 1008.4 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 1681 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 1139.9 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 1008.4 kJ/mol | 1845.9 kJ/mol | 3180 kJ/mol | 1681 kJ/mol | 3374.2 kJ/mol | 6050.4 kJ/mol | 8407.7 kJ/mol | 11022.7 kJ/mol | 15164.1 kJ/mol | 17868 kJ/mol | 92038.1 kJ/mol | 106434.3 kJ/mol | 1139.9 kJ/mol | 2103 kJ/mol | 3470 kJ/mol | 4560 kJ/mol | 5760 kJ/mol | 8550 kJ/mol | 9940 kJ/mol | 18600 kJ/mol
| iodine | fluorine | bromine valence | 7 | 1 | 5 electronegativity | 2.66 | 3.98 | 2.96 electron affinity | 295.2 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 328 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 324.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 1008.4 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 1681 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 1139.9 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 1008.4 kJ/mol | 1845.9 kJ/mol | 3180 kJ/mol | 1681 kJ/mol | 3374.2 kJ/mol | 6050.4 kJ/mol | 8407.7 kJ/mol | 11022.7 kJ/mol | 15164.1 kJ/mol | 17868 kJ/mol | 92038.1 kJ/mol | 106434.3 kJ/mol | 1139.9 kJ/mol | 2103 kJ/mol | 3470 kJ/mol | 4560 kJ/mol | 5760 kJ/mol | 8550 kJ/mol | 9940 kJ/mol | 18600 kJ/mol
Reactivity
Reactivity

Atomic properties

| iodine | fluorine | bromine term symbol | ^2P_(3/2) | ^2P_(3/2) | ^2P_(3/2) atomic radius | 140 pm | 50 pm | 115 pm covalent radius | 139 pm | 57 pm | 120 pm van der Waals radius | 198 pm | 147 pm | 185 pm (electronic ground state properties)
| iodine | fluorine | bromine term symbol | ^2P_(3/2) | ^2P_(3/2) | ^2P_(3/2) atomic radius | 140 pm | 50 pm | 115 pm covalent radius | 139 pm | 57 pm | 120 pm van der Waals radius | 198 pm | 147 pm | 185 pm (electronic ground state properties)

Abundances

| iodine | fluorine | bromine universe abundance | 1×10^-7 mass% | 4×10^-5 mass% | 7×10^-7 mass% solar abundance | | 5×10^-5 mass% | meteorite abundance | 2.5×10^-5 mass% | 0.0087 mass% | 1.2×10^-4 mass% crust abundance | 4.9×10^-5 mass% | 0.054 mass% | 3×10^-4 mass% ocean abundance | 6×10^-6 mass% | 1.3×10^-4 mass% | 0.0067 mass% human abundance | 2×10^-5 mass% | 0.0037 mass% | 2.9×10^-4 mass% universe molar abundance | 1×10^-9 mol% | 3×10^-6 mol% | 1×10^-8 mol% solar molar abundance | | 3×10^-6 mol% | meteorite molar abundance | 3×10^-6 mol% | 0.0097 mol% | 2.3×10^-5 mol% ocean molar abundance | 2.9×10^-7 mol% | 4.2×10^-5 mol% | 5.2×10^-4 mol% crust molar abundance | 8×10^-6 mol% | 0.059 mol% | 7.8×10^-5 mol% human molar abundance | 1×10^-6 mol% | 0.0012 mol% | 2.3×10^-5 mol%
| iodine | fluorine | bromine universe abundance | 1×10^-7 mass% | 4×10^-5 mass% | 7×10^-7 mass% solar abundance | | 5×10^-5 mass% | meteorite abundance | 2.5×10^-5 mass% | 0.0087 mass% | 1.2×10^-4 mass% crust abundance | 4.9×10^-5 mass% | 0.054 mass% | 3×10^-4 mass% ocean abundance | 6×10^-6 mass% | 1.3×10^-4 mass% | 0.0067 mass% human abundance | 2×10^-5 mass% | 0.0037 mass% | 2.9×10^-4 mass% universe molar abundance | 1×10^-9 mol% | 3×10^-6 mol% | 1×10^-8 mol% solar molar abundance | | 3×10^-6 mol% | meteorite molar abundance | 3×10^-6 mol% | 0.0097 mol% | 2.3×10^-5 mol% ocean molar abundance | 2.9×10^-7 mol% | 4.2×10^-5 mol% | 5.2×10^-4 mol% crust molar abundance | 8×10^-6 mol% | 0.059 mol% | 7.8×10^-5 mol% human molar abundance | 1×10^-6 mol% | 0.0012 mol% | 2.3×10^-5 mol%

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