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platinum vs ruthenium vs iridium

Input interpretation

platinum (chemical element) | ruthenium (chemical element) | iridium (chemical element)
platinum (chemical element) | ruthenium (chemical element) | iridium (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Periodic table location
Periodic table location

Images

Images
Images

Basic elemental properties

| platinum | ruthenium | iridium atomic symbol | Pt | Ru | Ir atomic number | 78 | 44 | 77 short electronic configuration | [Xe]6s^14f^145d^9 | [Kr]5s^14d^7 | [Xe]6s^24f^145d^7 Aufbau diagram | 5d 4f 6s | 4d 5s | 5d 4f 6s block | d | d | d group | 10 | 8 | 9 period | 6 | 5 | 6 atomic mass | 195.084 u | 101.07 u | 192.217 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)
| platinum | ruthenium | iridium atomic symbol | Pt | Ru | Ir atomic number | 78 | 44 | 77 short electronic configuration | [Xe]6s^14f^145d^9 | [Kr]5s^14d^7 | [Xe]6s^24f^145d^7 Aufbau diagram | 5d 4f 6s | 4d 5s | 5d 4f 6s block | d | d | d group | 10 | 8 | 9 period | 6 | 5 | 6 atomic mass | 195.084 u | 101.07 u | 192.217 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)

Thermodynamic properties

| platinum | ruthenium | iridium phase at STP | solid | solid | solid melting point | 1768.3 °C | 2334 °C | 2466 °C boiling point | 3825 °C | 4150 °C | 4428 °C molar heat of fusion | 20 kJ/mol | 25.7 kJ/mol | 26 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 490 kJ/mol | 580 kJ/mol | 560 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 133 J/(kg K) | 238 J/(kg K) | 131 J/(kg K) (properties at standard conditions)
| platinum | ruthenium | iridium phase at STP | solid | solid | solid melting point | 1768.3 °C | 2334 °C | 2466 °C boiling point | 3825 °C | 4150 °C | 4428 °C molar heat of fusion | 20 kJ/mol | 25.7 kJ/mol | 26 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 490 kJ/mol | 580 kJ/mol | 560 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 133 J/(kg K) | 238 J/(kg K) | 131 J/(kg K) (properties at standard conditions)

Material properties

| platinum | ruthenium | iridium density | 21.45 g/cm^3 | 12.37 g/cm^3 | 22.56 g/cm^3 liquid density | 19.77 g/cm^3 | 10.65 g/cm^3 | 19 g/cm^3 molar volume | 9.095 cm^3/mol | 8.171 cm^3/mol | 8.52 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 3.5 (between calcite and fluorite) | 6.5 (between microcline and quartz) | 6.5 (between microcline and quartz) Vickers hardness | 549 MPa | 2300 MPa | 1760 MPa Brinell hardness | 392 MPa | 2160 MPa | 1670 MPa bulk modulus | 230 GPa | 220 GPa | 320 GPa shear modulus | 61 GPa | 173 GPa | 210 GPa Young's modulus | 168 GPa | 447 GPa | 528 GPa Poisson ratio | 0.38 | 0.3 | 0.26 sound speed | 2680 m/s | 5970 m/s | 4825 m/s thermal expansion | 8.8×10^-6 K^(-1) | 6.4×10^-6 K^(-1) | 6.4×10^-6 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | 72 W/(m K) | 120 W/(m K) | 150 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)
| platinum | ruthenium | iridium density | 21.45 g/cm^3 | 12.37 g/cm^3 | 22.56 g/cm^3 liquid density | 19.77 g/cm^3 | 10.65 g/cm^3 | 19 g/cm^3 molar volume | 9.095 cm^3/mol | 8.171 cm^3/mol | 8.52 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 3.5 (between calcite and fluorite) | 6.5 (between microcline and quartz) | 6.5 (between microcline and quartz) Vickers hardness | 549 MPa | 2300 MPa | 1760 MPa Brinell hardness | 392 MPa | 2160 MPa | 1670 MPa bulk modulus | 230 GPa | 220 GPa | 320 GPa shear modulus | 61 GPa | 173 GPa | 210 GPa Young's modulus | 168 GPa | 447 GPa | 528 GPa Poisson ratio | 0.38 | 0.3 | 0.26 sound speed | 2680 m/s | 5970 m/s | 4825 m/s thermal expansion | 8.8×10^-6 K^(-1) | 6.4×10^-6 K^(-1) | 6.4×10^-6 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | 72 W/(m K) | 120 W/(m K) | 150 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

Electromagnetic properties

| platinum | ruthenium | iridium electrical type | conductor | conductor | conductor resistivity | 1.1×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) | 7.1×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 4.7×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 9.4×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1.4×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 2.1×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | paramagnetic | paramagnetic | paramagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | 2.573×10^-4 | 6.7×10^-5 | 3.77×10^-5 mass magnetic susceptibility | 1.22×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 5.42×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 1.67×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | 2.38×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 5.48×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 3.21×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | (5.12 to 5.93) eV | 4.71 eV (Polycrystalline) | (5 to 5.76) eV threshold frequency | (1.238×10^15 to 1.434×10^15) Hz (hertz) | 1.139×10^15 Hz (hertz) | (1.209×10^15 to 1.393×10^15) Hz (hertz) superconducting point | | 0.49 K (kelvins) | 0.11 K (kelvins) color | (gray) | (silver) | (silver)
| platinum | ruthenium | iridium electrical type | conductor | conductor | conductor resistivity | 1.1×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) | 7.1×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 4.7×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 9.4×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1.4×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 2.1×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | paramagnetic | paramagnetic | paramagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | 2.573×10^-4 | 6.7×10^-5 | 3.77×10^-5 mass magnetic susceptibility | 1.22×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 5.42×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 1.67×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | 2.38×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 5.48×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 3.21×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | (5.12 to 5.93) eV | 4.71 eV (Polycrystalline) | (5 to 5.76) eV threshold frequency | (1.238×10^15 to 1.434×10^15) Hz (hertz) | 1.139×10^15 Hz (hertz) | (1.209×10^15 to 1.393×10^15) Hz (hertz) superconducting point | | 0.49 K (kelvins) | 0.11 K (kelvins) color | (gray) | (silver) | (silver)

Reactivity

| platinum | ruthenium | iridium valence | 6 | 6 | 6 electronegativity | 2.28 | 2.2 | 2.2 electron affinity | 205.3 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 101.3 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 151 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 870 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 710.2 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 880 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 870 kJ/mol | 1791 kJ/mol | 710.2 kJ/mol | 1620 kJ/mol | 2747 kJ/mol | 880 kJ/mol | 1600 kJ/mol
| platinum | ruthenium | iridium valence | 6 | 6 | 6 electronegativity | 2.28 | 2.2 | 2.2 electron affinity | 205.3 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 101.3 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 151 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 870 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 710.2 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 880 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 870 kJ/mol | 1791 kJ/mol | 710.2 kJ/mol | 1620 kJ/mol | 2747 kJ/mol | 880 kJ/mol | 1600 kJ/mol
Reactivity
Reactivity

Atomic properties

| platinum | ruthenium | iridium term symbol | ^3D_3 | ^5F_5 | ^4F_(9/2) atomic radius | 135 pm | 130 pm | 135 pm covalent radius | 136 pm | 146 pm | 141 pm van der Waals radius | 175 pm | | (electronic ground state properties)
| platinum | ruthenium | iridium term symbol | ^3D_3 | ^5F_5 | ^4F_(9/2) atomic radius | 135 pm | 130 pm | 135 pm covalent radius | 136 pm | 146 pm | 141 pm van der Waals radius | 175 pm | | (electronic ground state properties)

Abundances

| platinum | ruthenium | iridium universe abundance | 5×10^-7 mass% | 4×10^-7 mass% | 2×10^-7 mass% solar abundance | 9×10^-7 mass% | 5×10^-7 mass% | 2×10^-7 mass% meteorite abundance | 9.8×10^-5 mass% | 8.1×10^-5 mass% | 5.4×10^-5 mass% crust abundance | 3.7×10^-6 mass% | 9.9×10^-8 mass% | 4×10^-8 mass% ocean abundance | | 7×10^-11 mass% | universe molar abundance | 3×10^-9 mol% | 5×10^-9 mol% | 1×10^-9 mol% solar molar abundance | 6×10^-9 mol% | 6×10^-9 mol% | 9.9×10^-10 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 1×10^-5 mol% | 1.6×10^-5 mol% | 6×10^-6 mol% ocean molar abundance | | 4.3×10^-12 mol% | crust molar abundance | 4×10^-7 mol% | 2×10^-8 mol% | 5×10^-9 mol%
| platinum | ruthenium | iridium universe abundance | 5×10^-7 mass% | 4×10^-7 mass% | 2×10^-7 mass% solar abundance | 9×10^-7 mass% | 5×10^-7 mass% | 2×10^-7 mass% meteorite abundance | 9.8×10^-5 mass% | 8.1×10^-5 mass% | 5.4×10^-5 mass% crust abundance | 3.7×10^-6 mass% | 9.9×10^-8 mass% | 4×10^-8 mass% ocean abundance | | 7×10^-11 mass% | universe molar abundance | 3×10^-9 mol% | 5×10^-9 mol% | 1×10^-9 mol% solar molar abundance | 6×10^-9 mol% | 6×10^-9 mol% | 9.9×10^-10 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 1×10^-5 mol% | 1.6×10^-5 mol% | 6×10^-6 mol% ocean molar abundance | | 4.3×10^-12 mol% | crust molar abundance | 4×10^-7 mol% | 2×10^-8 mol% | 5×10^-9 mol%

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