Input interpretation
![Sn white tin + AuCl_3 gold(III) chloride ⟶ Au gold + SnCl_2 stannous chloride](../image_source/1d71677214b6cf926bb34e2b15396b79.png)
Sn white tin + AuCl_3 gold(III) chloride ⟶ Au gold + SnCl_2 stannous chloride
Balanced equation
![Balance the chemical equation algebraically: Sn + AuCl_3 ⟶ Au + SnCl_2 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 Sn + c_2 AuCl_3 ⟶ c_3 Au + c_4 SnCl_2 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for Sn, Au and Cl: Sn: | c_1 = c_4 Au: | c_2 = c_3 Cl: | 3 c_2 = 2 c_4 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_2 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 3/2 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 1 c_4 = 3/2 Multiply by the least common denominator, 2, to eliminate fractional coefficients: c_1 = 3 c_2 = 2 c_3 = 2 c_4 = 3 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | 3 Sn + 2 AuCl_3 ⟶ 2 Au + 3 SnCl_2](../image_source/5d981e24f65db6c2622168a4d2f00c50.png)
Balance the chemical equation algebraically: Sn + AuCl_3 ⟶ Au + SnCl_2 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 Sn + c_2 AuCl_3 ⟶ c_3 Au + c_4 SnCl_2 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for Sn, Au and Cl: Sn: | c_1 = c_4 Au: | c_2 = c_3 Cl: | 3 c_2 = 2 c_4 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_2 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 3/2 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 1 c_4 = 3/2 Multiply by the least common denominator, 2, to eliminate fractional coefficients: c_1 = 3 c_2 = 2 c_3 = 2 c_4 = 3 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | 3 Sn + 2 AuCl_3 ⟶ 2 Au + 3 SnCl_2
Structures
![+ ⟶ +](../image_source/5d62f2a6110b10703c2a243f3eafc1d8.png)
+ ⟶ +
Names
![white tin + gold(III) chloride ⟶ gold + stannous chloride](../image_source/b6609685e61e35a8168ac32da1d94198.png)
white tin + gold(III) chloride ⟶ gold + stannous chloride
Equilibrium constant
![Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: Sn + AuCl_3 ⟶ Au + SnCl_2 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 3 Sn + 2 AuCl_3 ⟶ 2 Au + 3 SnCl_2 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i Sn | 3 | -3 AuCl_3 | 2 | -2 Au | 2 | 2 SnCl_2 | 3 | 3 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression Sn | 3 | -3 | ([Sn])^(-3) AuCl_3 | 2 | -2 | ([AuCl3])^(-2) Au | 2 | 2 | ([Au])^2 SnCl_2 | 3 | 3 | ([SnCl2])^3 The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([Sn])^(-3) ([AuCl3])^(-2) ([Au])^2 ([SnCl2])^3 = (([Au])^2 ([SnCl2])^3)/(([Sn])^3 ([AuCl3])^2)](../image_source/24125462d10ef9e6aab6008f52854366.png)
Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: Sn + AuCl_3 ⟶ Au + SnCl_2 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 3 Sn + 2 AuCl_3 ⟶ 2 Au + 3 SnCl_2 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i Sn | 3 | -3 AuCl_3 | 2 | -2 Au | 2 | 2 SnCl_2 | 3 | 3 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression Sn | 3 | -3 | ([Sn])^(-3) AuCl_3 | 2 | -2 | ([AuCl3])^(-2) Au | 2 | 2 | ([Au])^2 SnCl_2 | 3 | 3 | ([SnCl2])^3 The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([Sn])^(-3) ([AuCl3])^(-2) ([Au])^2 ([SnCl2])^3 = (([Au])^2 ([SnCl2])^3)/(([Sn])^3 ([AuCl3])^2)
Rate of reaction
![Construct the rate of reaction expression for: Sn + AuCl_3 ⟶ Au + SnCl_2 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 3 Sn + 2 AuCl_3 ⟶ 2 Au + 3 SnCl_2 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i Sn | 3 | -3 AuCl_3 | 2 | -2 Au | 2 | 2 SnCl_2 | 3 | 3 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term Sn | 3 | -3 | -1/3 (Δ[Sn])/(Δt) AuCl_3 | 2 | -2 | -1/2 (Δ[AuCl3])/(Δt) Au | 2 | 2 | 1/2 (Δ[Au])/(Δt) SnCl_2 | 3 | 3 | 1/3 (Δ[SnCl2])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -1/3 (Δ[Sn])/(Δt) = -1/2 (Δ[AuCl3])/(Δt) = 1/2 (Δ[Au])/(Δt) = 1/3 (Δ[SnCl2])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)](../image_source/e2ae73a08998b4d051895b438d1b4f91.png)
Construct the rate of reaction expression for: Sn + AuCl_3 ⟶ Au + SnCl_2 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: 3 Sn + 2 AuCl_3 ⟶ 2 Au + 3 SnCl_2 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i Sn | 3 | -3 AuCl_3 | 2 | -2 Au | 2 | 2 SnCl_2 | 3 | 3 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term Sn | 3 | -3 | -1/3 (Δ[Sn])/(Δt) AuCl_3 | 2 | -2 | -1/2 (Δ[AuCl3])/(Δt) Au | 2 | 2 | 1/2 (Δ[Au])/(Δt) SnCl_2 | 3 | 3 | 1/3 (Δ[SnCl2])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -1/3 (Δ[Sn])/(Δt) = -1/2 (Δ[AuCl3])/(Δt) = 1/2 (Δ[Au])/(Δt) = 1/3 (Δ[SnCl2])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)
Chemical names and formulas
![| white tin | gold(III) chloride | gold | stannous chloride formula | Sn | AuCl_3 | Au | SnCl_2 Hill formula | Sn | AuCl_3 | Au | Cl_2Sn name | white tin | gold(III) chloride | gold | stannous chloride IUPAC name | tin | trichlorogold | gold | dichlorotin](../image_source/e7dd79dc56f9d86c452c7aa65605d775.png)
| white tin | gold(III) chloride | gold | stannous chloride formula | Sn | AuCl_3 | Au | SnCl_2 Hill formula | Sn | AuCl_3 | Au | Cl_2Sn name | white tin | gold(III) chloride | gold | stannous chloride IUPAC name | tin | trichlorogold | gold | dichlorotin
Substance properties
![| white tin | gold(III) chloride | gold | stannous chloride molar mass | 118.71 g/mol | 303.3 g/mol | 196.966569 g/mol | 189.6 g/mol phase | solid (at STP) | | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) melting point | 231.9 °C | | 1063 °C | 246 °C boiling point | 2602 °C | | 2856 °C | 652 °C density | 7.31 g/cm^3 | | 19.3 g/cm^3 | 3.354 g/cm^3 solubility in water | insoluble | | insoluble | dynamic viscosity | 0.001 Pa s (at 600 °C) | | | 7 Pa s (at 25 °C) odor | odorless | | | odorless](../image_source/512330f15b971253dece3fff78840273.png)
| white tin | gold(III) chloride | gold | stannous chloride molar mass | 118.71 g/mol | 303.3 g/mol | 196.966569 g/mol | 189.6 g/mol phase | solid (at STP) | | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) melting point | 231.9 °C | | 1063 °C | 246 °C boiling point | 2602 °C | | 2856 °C | 652 °C density | 7.31 g/cm^3 | | 19.3 g/cm^3 | 3.354 g/cm^3 solubility in water | insoluble | | insoluble | dynamic viscosity | 0.001 Pa s (at 600 °C) | | | 7 Pa s (at 25 °C) odor | odorless | | | odorless
Units