gallium vs scandium vs nickel

gallium (chemical element) | scandium (chemical element) | nickel (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| gallium | scandium | nickel atomic symbol | Ga | Sc | Ni atomic number | 31 | 21 | 28 short electronic configuration | [Ar]4s^23d^104p^1 | [Ar]4s^23d^1 | [Ar]4s^23d^8 Aufbau diagram | 4p 3d 4s | 3d 4s | 3d 4s block | p | d | d group | 13 | 3 | 10 period | 4 | 4 | 4 atomic mass | 69.723 u | 44.955908 u | 58.6934 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)

| gallium | scandium | nickel phase at STP | solid | solid | solid melting point | 29.76 °C | 1541 °C | 1455 °C boiling point | 2204 °C | 2830 °C | 2913 °C molar heat of fusion | 5.59 kJ/mol | 16 kJ/mol | 17.2 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 256 kJ/mol | 318 kJ/mol | 378 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 371 J/(kg K) | 567 J/(kg K) | 445 J/(kg K) (properties at standard conditions)

| gallium | scandium | nickel density | 5.904 g/cm^3 | 2.985 g/cm^3 | 8.908 g/cm^3 liquid density | 6.095 g/cm^3 | 2.8 g/cm^3 | 7.81 g/cm^3 molar volume | 11.81 cm^3/mol | 15.06 cm^3/mol | 6.589 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 1.5 (between talc and gypsum) | | 4 (≈ fluorite) Vickers hardness | | | 638 MPa Brinell hardness | 60 MPa | 750 MPa | 700 MPa bulk modulus | | 57 GPa | 180 GPa shear modulus | | 29 GPa | 76 GPa Young's modulus | | 74 GPa | 200 GPa Poisson ratio | | 0.28 | 0.31 tensile yield strength | | 173 MPa | 59 MPa ultimate tensile strength | | 255 MPa | 317 MPa sound speed | 2740 m/s | | 4970 m/s thermal expansion | 1.2×10^-4 K^(-1) | 1.02×10^-5 K^(-1) | 1.34×10^-5 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | 29 W/(m K) | 16 W/(m K) | 91 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

| gallium | scandium | nickel electrical type | conductor | conductor | conductor resistivity | 1.4×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) | 5.5×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) | 7×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 7.1×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1.8×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1.4×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | diamagnetic | paramagnetic | ferromagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | -1.77×10^-5 | 2.627×10^-4 | mass magnetic susceptibility | -3×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 8.8×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | molar magnetic susceptibility | -2.09×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 3.956×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | Curie point | | | 631 K (kelvins) work function | 4.32 eV (Polycrystalline) | 3.5 eV (Polycrystalline) | (5.04 to 5.35) eV threshold frequency | 1.045×10^15 Hz (hertz) | 8.463×10^14 Hz (hertz) | (1.219×10^15 to 1.294×10^15) Hz (hertz) superconducting point | 1.083 K (kelvins) | 0.05 K (kelvins) | color | (silver) | (silver) | (gray)

| gallium | scandium | nickel valence | 3 | 3 | 2 electronegativity | 1.81 | 1.36 | 1.91 electron affinity | 28.9 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 18.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 112 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 578.8 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 633.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 737.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 578.8 kJ/mol | 1979.3 kJ/mol | 2963 kJ/mol | 6180 kJ/mol | 633.1 kJ/mol | 1235 kJ/mol | 2388.6 kJ/mol | 7090.6 kJ/mol | 8843 kJ/mol | 10679 kJ/mol | 13310 kJ/mol | 15250 kJ/mol | 17370 kJ/mol | 21726 kJ/mol | 24102 kJ/mol | 66320 kJ/mol | 73010 kJ/mol | 80160 kJ/mol | 89490 kJ/mol | 97400 kJ/mol | 105600 kJ/mol | 117000 kJ/mol | 124270 kJ/mol | 547530 kJ/mol | 582163 kJ/mol | 737.1 kJ/mol | 1753 kJ/mol | 3395 kJ/mol | 5300 kJ/mol | 7339 kJ/mol | 10400 kJ/mol | 12800 kJ/mol | 15600 kJ/mol | 18600 kJ/mol | 21670 kJ/mol | 30970 kJ/mol | 34000 kJ/mol | 37100 kJ/mol | 41500 kJ/mol | 44800 kJ/mol | 48100 kJ/mol | 55101 kJ/mol | 58570 kJ/mol | 148700 kJ/mol | 159000 kJ/mol | 169400 kJ/mol

Reactivity

| gallium | scandium | nickel term symbol | ^2P_(1/2) | ^2D_(3/2) | ^3F_4 atomic radius | 130 pm | 160 pm | 135 pm covalent radius | 122 pm | 170 pm | 124 pm van der Waals radius | 187 pm | | 163 pm (electronic ground state properties)

| gallium | scandium | nickel universe abundance | 1×10^-6 mass% | 3×10^-6 mass% | 0.006 mass% solar abundance | 4×10^-6 mass% | 4×10^-6 mass% | 0.008 mass% meteorite abundance | 7.6×10^-4 mass% | 6.4×10^-4 mass% | 1.3 mass% crust abundance | 0.0019 mass% | 0.0026 mass% | 0.0089 mass% ocean abundance | 3×10^-9 mass% | 1.5×10^-10 mass% | 2×10^-7 mass% human abundance | | | 1×10^-5 mass% universe molar abundance | 2×10^-8 mol% | 1×10^-7 mol% | 1×10^-4 mol% solar molar abundance | 6×10^-8 mol% | 9.9×10^-8 mol% | 2×10^-4 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 2×10^-4 mol% | 2.9×10^-4 mol% | 0.44 mol% ocean molar abundance | 2.7×10^-10 mol% | 2.1×10^-11 mol% | 2.1×10^-8 mol% crust molar abundance | 5.5×10^-4 mol% | 0.0012 mol% | 0.0032 mol% human molar abundance | | | 1.1×10^-6 mol%