Input interpretation
phosphoric acid + soda ash ⟶ water + carbon dioxide + disodium hydrogen phosphate
Balanced equation
Balance the chemical equation algebraically: + ⟶ + + Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 + c_2 ⟶ c_3 + c_4 + c_5 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, O, P, C and Na: H: | 3 c_1 = 2 c_3 + c_5 O: | 4 c_1 + 3 c_2 = c_3 + 2 c_4 + 4 c_5 P: | c_1 = c_5 C: | c_2 = c_4 Na: | 2 c_2 = 2 c_5 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_1 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 1 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 1 c_4 = 1 c_5 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | + ⟶ + +
Structures
+ ⟶ + +
Names
phosphoric acid + soda ash ⟶ water + carbon dioxide + disodium hydrogen phosphate
Reaction thermodynamics
Gibbs free energy
| phosphoric acid | soda ash | water | carbon dioxide | disodium hydrogen phosphate molecular free energy | -1124 kJ/mol | -1044 kJ/mol | -237.1 kJ/mol | -394.4 kJ/mol | -1608 kJ/mol total free energy | -1124 kJ/mol | -1044 kJ/mol | -237.1 kJ/mol | -394.4 kJ/mol | -1608 kJ/mol | G_initial = -2168 kJ/mol | | G_final = -2240 kJ/mol | | ΔG_rxn^0 | -2240 kJ/mol - -2168 kJ/mol = -71.7 kJ/mol (exergonic) | | | |
Chemical names and formulas
| phosphoric acid | soda ash | water | carbon dioxide | disodium hydrogen phosphate Hill formula | H_3O_4P | CNa_2O_3 | H_2O | CO_2 | HNa_2O_4P name | phosphoric acid | soda ash | water | carbon dioxide | disodium hydrogen phosphate IUPAC name | phosphoric acid | disodium carbonate | water | carbon dioxide | disodium hydrogen phosphate
Substance properties
| phosphoric acid | soda ash | water | carbon dioxide | disodium hydrogen phosphate molar mass | 97.994 g/mol | 105.99 g/mol | 18.015 g/mol | 44.009 g/mol | 141.96 g/mol phase | liquid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | liquid (at STP) | gas (at STP) | solid (at STP) melting point | 42.4 °C | 851 °C | 0 °C | -56.56 °C (at triple point) | 250 °C boiling point | 158 °C | 1600 °C | 99.9839 °C | -78.5 °C (at sublimation point) | density | 1.685 g/cm^3 | | 1 g/cm^3 | 0.00184212 g/cm^3 (at 20 °C) | 1.53 g/cm^3 solubility in water | very soluble | soluble | | | soluble surface tension | | | 0.0728 N/m | | dynamic viscosity | | 0.00355 Pa s (at 900 °C) | 8.9×10^-4 Pa s (at 25 °C) | 1.491×10^-5 Pa s (at 25 °C) | odor | odorless | | odorless | odorless |
Units
