Input interpretation
thorium | Aufbau diagram
Result
![Build the ground-state orbital diagram for: thorium (Th) Plan: • Look up the abbreviated (condensed) ground electronic configuration. • Use the electronic configuration to identify the outermost electrons. • Determine the energetic ordering of atomic orbital subshells. • Use the following representations: a gray rectangle for an atomic orbital, an up arrow for an alpha (spin-up) spin state and a down arrow for a beta (spin-down) spin state. • Follow the Pauli exclusion principle by representing the first electron in each atomic orbital with an alpha spin state and the second electron with a beta spin state. • Place electrons into orbitals following the Aufbau principle and Hund's rule. The abbreviated ground electronic configuration for thorium is: [Rn]7s^26d^2 Electrons in atomic orbitals outside of the radon core, [Rn], are the outermost electrons: 7s^26d^2 Atomic orbital energy usually increases from 1s to 8s in the following order: The orbital filling order in thorium is an exception to the usual energetic ordering of atomic orbitals: This reflects a change in the atomic orbital energies for thorium rather than a violation of the Aufbau principle. Place two electrons as an alpha-beta pair into the 7s orbital: 7s Follow Hund's rule by placing one alpha electron each into two of the five 6d orbitals: Answer: | | 6d 7s](../image_source/9fe8c5de63f6673b5e80add862c0b311.png)
Build the ground-state orbital diagram for: thorium (Th) Plan: • Look up the abbreviated (condensed) ground electronic configuration. • Use the electronic configuration to identify the outermost electrons. • Determine the energetic ordering of atomic orbital subshells. • Use the following representations: a gray rectangle for an atomic orbital, an up arrow for an alpha (spin-up) spin state and a down arrow for a beta (spin-down) spin state. • Follow the Pauli exclusion principle by representing the first electron in each atomic orbital with an alpha spin state and the second electron with a beta spin state. • Place electrons into orbitals following the Aufbau principle and Hund's rule. The abbreviated ground electronic configuration for thorium is: [Rn]7s^26d^2 Electrons in atomic orbitals outside of the radon core, [Rn], are the outermost electrons: 7s^26d^2 Atomic orbital energy usually increases from 1s to 8s in the following order: The orbital filling order in thorium is an exception to the usual energetic ordering of atomic orbitals: This reflects a change in the atomic orbital energies for thorium rather than a violation of the Aufbau principle. Place two electrons as an alpha-beta pair into the 7s orbital: 7s Follow Hund's rule by placing one alpha electron each into two of the five 6d orbitals: Answer: | | 6d 7s