Input interpretation
chlorine + white phosphorus ⟶ phosphorus pentachloride
Balanced equation
Balance the chemical equation algebraically: + ⟶ Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 + c_2 ⟶ c_3 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for Cl and P: Cl: | 2 c_1 = 5 c_3 P: | 4 c_2 = c_3 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_2 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 10 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 4 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | 10 + ⟶ 4
Structures
+ ⟶
Names
chlorine + white phosphorus ⟶ phosphorus pentachloride
Reaction thermodynamics
Enthalpy
| chlorine | white phosphorus | phosphorus pentachloride molecular enthalpy | 0 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol | -443.5 kJ/mol total enthalpy | 0 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol | -1774 kJ/mol | H_initial = 0 kJ/mol | | H_final = -1774 kJ/mol ΔH_rxn^0 | -1774 kJ/mol - 0 kJ/mol = -1774 kJ/mol (exothermic) | |
Chemical names and formulas
| chlorine | white phosphorus | phosphorus pentachloride Hill formula | Cl_2 | P_4 | Cl_5P name | chlorine | white phosphorus | phosphorus pentachloride IUPAC name | molecular chlorine | tetraphosphorus | pentachlorophosphorane
Substance properties
| chlorine | white phosphorus | phosphorus pentachloride molar mass | 70.9 g/mol | 123.89504799 g/mol | 208.2 g/mol phase | gas (at STP) | solid (at STP) | solid (at STP) melting point | -101 °C | 44.15 °C | 148 °C boiling point | -34 °C | 280.5 °C | density | 0.003214 g/cm^3 (at 0 °C) | 1.823 g/cm^3 | 3.6 g/cm^3 solubility in water | | insoluble | reacts dynamic viscosity | | 0.00169 Pa s (at 50 °C) | odor | | odorless |
Units
