polonium vs europium vs thallium

polonium (chemical element) | europium (chemical element) | thallium (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| polonium | europium | thallium atomic symbol | Po | Eu | Tl atomic number | 84 | 63 | 81 short electronic configuration | [Xe]6s^24f^145d^106p^4 | [Xe]6s^24f^7 | [Xe]6s^24f^145d^106p^1 Aufbau diagram | 6p 5d 4f 6s | 4f 6s | 6p 5d 4f 6s block | p | f | p group | 16 | | 13 period | 6 | 6 | 6 atomic mass | 209 u | 151.964 u | 204.38 u half-life | 102 yr | (stable) | (stable)

| polonium | europium | thallium phase at STP | solid | solid | solid melting point | 254 °C | 822 °C | 304 °C boiling point | 962 °C | 1527 °C | 1473 °C molar heat of fusion | 13 kJ/mol | 9.2 kJ/mol | 4.2 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 100 kJ/mol | 175 kJ/mol | 165 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | | 182 J/(kg K) | 129 J/(kg K) Néel point | | 90.5 K | (properties at standard conditions)

| polonium | europium | thallium density | 9.196 g/cm^3 | 5.244 g/cm^3 | 11.85 g/cm^3 liquid density | | 5.13 g/cm^3 | 11.22 g/cm^3 molar volume | 22.7 cm^3/mol | 28.98 cm^3/mol | 17.247 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | | 3.1 (between calcite and fluorite) | 1.2 (between talc and gypsum) Vickers hardness | | 167 MPa | Brinell hardness | | | 26.4 MPa bulk modulus | | 8.3 GPa | 43 GPa shear modulus | | 7.9 GPa | 2.8 GPa Young's modulus | | 18 GPa | 8 GPa Poisson ratio | | 0.15 | 0.45 ultimate tensile strength | | | 7 MPa sound speed | | | 818 m/s thermal expansion | | 3.5×10^-5 K^(-1) | 2.99×10^-5 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | | 14 W/(m K) | 46 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

| polonium | europium | thallium electrical type | conductor | conductor | conductor resistivity | 4.3×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) | 9×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) | 1.5×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 2.3×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1.1×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) | 6.7×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | | paramagnetic | diamagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | | 0.0014473 | -3.56×10^-5 mass magnetic susceptibility | | 2.76×10^-7 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -3×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | | 4.1942×10^-8 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -6.13×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) Néel point | | 90.5 K (kelvins) | work function | | 2.5 eV (Polycrystalline) | 3.84 eV (Polycrystalline) threshold frequency | | 6.045×10^14 Hz (hertz) | 9.285×10^14 Hz (hertz) superconducting point | | 1.8 K (kelvins) | 2.38 K (kelvins) color | (silver) | (silver) | (silver)

| polonium | europium | thallium valence | 6 | 3 | 3 electronegativity | 2 | | 1.62 electron affinity | 183.3 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 50 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 19.2 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 812.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 547.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 589.4 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 812.1 kJ/mol | 547.1 kJ/mol | 1085 kJ/mol | 2404 kJ/mol | 4120 kJ/mol | 589.4 kJ/mol | 1971 kJ/mol | 2878 kJ/mol

Reactivity

| polonium | europium | thallium term symbol | ^3P_2 | ^8S_(7/2) | ^2P_(1/2) atomic radius | 190 pm | 185 pm | 190 pm covalent radius | 140 pm | 198 pm | 145 pm van der Waals radius | | | 196 pm (electronic ground state properties)

| polonium | europium | thallium universe abundance | | 5×10^-8 mass% | 5×10^-8 mass% solar abundance | | 5×10^-8 mass% | 1×10^-7 mass% meteorite abundance | | 5.9×10^-6 mass% | 7.8×10^-6 mass% crust abundance | | 1.8×10^-4 mass% | 5.3×10^-5 mass% ocean abundance | 2×10^-18 mass% | 1.3×10^-11 mass% | 1×10^-10 mass% human abundance | 0 mass% | | universe molar abundance | | 4×10^-10 mol% | 3×10^-10 mol% solar molar abundance | | 4×10^-10 mol% | 9.9×10^-10 mol% meteorite molar abundance | | 8.1×10^-7 mol% | 6×10^-7 mol% ocean molar abundance | 6×10^-6 mol% | 5×10^-6 mol% | 3×10^-12 mol% crust molar abundance | | 2.4×10^-5 mol% | 5×10^-6 mol% human molar abundance | 0 mol% | |