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H3PO4 + Na(OH) = H2O + Na(H2PO4)

Input interpretation

H_3PO_4 phosphoric acid + NaOH sodium hydroxide ⟶ H_2O water + NaH_2PO_4 sodium dihydrogen phosphate
H_3PO_4 phosphoric acid + NaOH sodium hydroxide ⟶ H_2O water + NaH_2PO_4 sodium dihydrogen phosphate

Balanced equation

Balance the chemical equation algebraically: H_3PO_4 + NaOH ⟶ H_2O + NaH_2PO_4 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 H_3PO_4 + c_2 NaOH ⟶ c_3 H_2O + c_4 NaH_2PO_4 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, O, P and Na: H: | 3 c_1 + c_2 = 2 c_3 + 2 c_4 O: | 4 c_1 + c_2 = c_3 + 4 c_4 P: | c_1 = c_4 Na: | c_2 = c_4 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_1 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 1 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 1 c_4 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | H_3PO_4 + NaOH ⟶ H_2O + NaH_2PO_4
Balance the chemical equation algebraically: H_3PO_4 + NaOH ⟶ H_2O + NaH_2PO_4 Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 H_3PO_4 + c_2 NaOH ⟶ c_3 H_2O + c_4 NaH_2PO_4 Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, O, P and Na: H: | 3 c_1 + c_2 = 2 c_3 + 2 c_4 O: | 4 c_1 + c_2 = c_3 + 4 c_4 P: | c_1 = c_4 Na: | c_2 = c_4 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_1 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 1 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 1 c_4 = 1 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | H_3PO_4 + NaOH ⟶ H_2O + NaH_2PO_4

Structures

+ ⟶ +
+ ⟶ +

Names

phosphoric acid + sodium hydroxide ⟶ water + sodium dihydrogen phosphate
phosphoric acid + sodium hydroxide ⟶ water + sodium dihydrogen phosphate

Equilibrium constant

Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: H_3PO_4 + NaOH ⟶ H_2O + NaH_2PO_4 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: H_3PO_4 + NaOH ⟶ H_2O + NaH_2PO_4 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_3PO_4 | 1 | -1 NaOH | 1 | -1 H_2O | 1 | 1 NaH_2PO_4 | 1 | 1 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression H_3PO_4 | 1 | -1 | ([H3PO4])^(-1) NaOH | 1 | -1 | ([NaOH])^(-1) H_2O | 1 | 1 | [H2O] NaH_2PO_4 | 1 | 1 | [NaH2PO4] The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([H3PO4])^(-1) ([NaOH])^(-1) [H2O] [NaH2PO4] = ([H2O] [NaH2PO4])/([H3PO4] [NaOH])
Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: H_3PO_4 + NaOH ⟶ H_2O + NaH_2PO_4 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: H_3PO_4 + NaOH ⟶ H_2O + NaH_2PO_4 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_3PO_4 | 1 | -1 NaOH | 1 | -1 H_2O | 1 | 1 NaH_2PO_4 | 1 | 1 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression H_3PO_4 | 1 | -1 | ([H3PO4])^(-1) NaOH | 1 | -1 | ([NaOH])^(-1) H_2O | 1 | 1 | [H2O] NaH_2PO_4 | 1 | 1 | [NaH2PO4] The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([H3PO4])^(-1) ([NaOH])^(-1) [H2O] [NaH2PO4] = ([H2O] [NaH2PO4])/([H3PO4] [NaOH])

Rate of reaction

Construct the rate of reaction expression for: H_3PO_4 + NaOH ⟶ H_2O + NaH_2PO_4 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: H_3PO_4 + NaOH ⟶ H_2O + NaH_2PO_4 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_3PO_4 | 1 | -1 NaOH | 1 | -1 H_2O | 1 | 1 NaH_2PO_4 | 1 | 1 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term H_3PO_4 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[H3PO4])/(Δt) NaOH | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[NaOH])/(Δt) H_2O | 1 | 1 | (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) NaH_2PO_4 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[NaH2PO4])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -(Δ[H3PO4])/(Δt) = -(Δ[NaOH])/(Δt) = (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) = (Δ[NaH2PO4])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)
Construct the rate of reaction expression for: H_3PO_4 + NaOH ⟶ H_2O + NaH_2PO_4 Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: H_3PO_4 + NaOH ⟶ H_2O + NaH_2PO_4 Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_3PO_4 | 1 | -1 NaOH | 1 | -1 H_2O | 1 | 1 NaH_2PO_4 | 1 | 1 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term H_3PO_4 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[H3PO4])/(Δt) NaOH | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[NaOH])/(Δt) H_2O | 1 | 1 | (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) NaH_2PO_4 | 1 | 1 | (Δ[NaH2PO4])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -(Δ[H3PO4])/(Δt) = -(Δ[NaOH])/(Δt) = (Δ[H2O])/(Δt) = (Δ[NaH2PO4])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)

Chemical names and formulas

| phosphoric acid | sodium hydroxide | water | sodium dihydrogen phosphate formula | H_3PO_4 | NaOH | H_2O | NaH_2PO_4 Hill formula | H_3O_4P | HNaO | H_2O | H_2NaO_4P name | phosphoric acid | sodium hydroxide | water | sodium dihydrogen phosphate
| phosphoric acid | sodium hydroxide | water | sodium dihydrogen phosphate formula | H_3PO_4 | NaOH | H_2O | NaH_2PO_4 Hill formula | H_3O_4P | HNaO | H_2O | H_2NaO_4P name | phosphoric acid | sodium hydroxide | water | sodium dihydrogen phosphate

Substance properties

| phosphoric acid | sodium hydroxide | water | sodium dihydrogen phosphate molar mass | 97.994 g/mol | 39.997 g/mol | 18.015 g/mol | 119.98 g/mol phase | liquid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | liquid (at STP) | melting point | 42.4 °C | 323 °C | 0 °C | boiling point | 158 °C | 1390 °C | 99.9839 °C | density | 1.685 g/cm^3 | 2.13 g/cm^3 | 1 g/cm^3 | 0.9996 g/cm^3 solubility in water | very soluble | soluble | | surface tension | | 0.07435 N/m | 0.0728 N/m | dynamic viscosity | | 0.004 Pa s (at 350 °C) | 8.9×10^-4 Pa s (at 25 °C) | odor | odorless | | odorless | odorless
| phosphoric acid | sodium hydroxide | water | sodium dihydrogen phosphate molar mass | 97.994 g/mol | 39.997 g/mol | 18.015 g/mol | 119.98 g/mol phase | liquid (at STP) | solid (at STP) | liquid (at STP) | melting point | 42.4 °C | 323 °C | 0 °C | boiling point | 158 °C | 1390 °C | 99.9839 °C | density | 1.685 g/cm^3 | 2.13 g/cm^3 | 1 g/cm^3 | 0.9996 g/cm^3 solubility in water | very soluble | soluble | | surface tension | | 0.07435 N/m | 0.0728 N/m | dynamic viscosity | | 0.004 Pa s (at 350 °C) | 8.9×10^-4 Pa s (at 25 °C) | odor | odorless | | odorless | odorless

Units

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