O2 + Cl2 = Cl2O

O_2 oxygen + Cl_2 chlorine ⟶ Cl_2O chlorine monoxide

Balance the chemical equation algebraically: O_2 + Cl_2 ⟶ Cl_2O Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 O_2 + c_2 Cl_2 ⟶ c_3 Cl_2O Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for O and Cl: O: | 2 c_1 = c_3 Cl: | 2 c_2 = 2 c_3 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_1 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 1 c_2 = 2 c_3 = 2 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | O_2 + 2 Cl_2 ⟶ 2 Cl_2O

+ ⟶

oxygen + chlorine ⟶ chlorine monoxide

| oxygen | chlorine | chlorine monoxide molecular enthalpy | 0 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol | 80.3 kJ/mol total enthalpy | 0 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol | 160.6 kJ/mol | H_initial = 0 kJ/mol | | H_final = 160.6 kJ/mol ΔH_rxn^0 | 160.6 kJ/mol - 0 kJ/mol = 160.6 kJ/mol (endothermic) | |

| oxygen | chlorine | chlorine monoxide molecular free energy | 231.7 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol | 97.9 kJ/mol total free energy | 231.7 kJ/mol | 0 kJ/mol | 195.8 kJ/mol | G_initial = 231.7 kJ/mol | | G_final = 195.8 kJ/mol ΔG_rxn^0 | 195.8 kJ/mol - 231.7 kJ/mol = -35.9 kJ/mol (exergonic) | |

Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: O_2 + Cl_2 ⟶ Cl_2O Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: O_2 + 2 Cl_2 ⟶ 2 Cl_2O Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i O_2 | 1 | -1 Cl_2 | 2 | -2 Cl_2O | 2 | 2 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression O_2 | 1 | -1 | ([O2])^(-1) Cl_2 | 2 | -2 | ([Cl2])^(-2) Cl_2O | 2 | 2 | ([Cl2O])^2 The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([O2])^(-1) ([Cl2])^(-2) ([Cl2O])^2 = ([Cl2O])^2/([O2] ([Cl2])^2)

Construct the rate of reaction expression for: O_2 + Cl_2 ⟶ Cl_2O Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: O_2 + 2 Cl_2 ⟶ 2 Cl_2O Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i O_2 | 1 | -1 Cl_2 | 2 | -2 Cl_2O | 2 | 2 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term O_2 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[O2])/(Δt) Cl_2 | 2 | -2 | -1/2 (Δ[Cl2])/(Δt) Cl_2O | 2 | 2 | 1/2 (Δ[Cl2O])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -(Δ[O2])/(Δt) = -1/2 (Δ[Cl2])/(Δt) = 1/2 (Δ[Cl2O])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)

| oxygen | chlorine | chlorine monoxide formula | O_2 | Cl_2 | Cl_2O name | oxygen | chlorine | chlorine monoxide IUPAC name | molecular oxygen | molecular chlorine | chloro hypochlorite

| oxygen | chlorine | chlorine monoxide molar mass | 31.998 g/mol | 70.9 g/mol | 86.9 g/mol phase | gas (at STP) | gas (at STP) | gas (at STP) melting point | -218 °C | -101 °C | -120.6 °C boiling point | -183 °C | -34 °C | 2.2 °C density | 0.001429 g/cm^3 (at 0 °C) | 0.003214 g/cm^3 (at 0 °C) | 0.003552 g/cm^3 (at 20 °C) solubility in water | | | slightly soluble surface tension | 0.01347 N/m | | dynamic viscosity | 2.055×10^-5 Pa s (at 25 °C) | | odor | odorless | |