magnesium vs zirconium vs scandium

magnesium (chemical element) | zirconium (chemical element) | scandium (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| magnesium | zirconium | scandium atomic symbol | Mg | Zr | Sc atomic number | 12 | 40 | 21 short electronic configuration | [Ne]3s^2 | [Kr]5s^24d^2 | [Ar]4s^23d^1 Aufbau diagram | 3s | 4d 5s | 3d 4s block | s | d | d group | 2 | 4 | 3 period | 3 | 5 | 4 atomic mass | 24.305 u | 91.224 u | 44.955908 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)

| magnesium | zirconium | scandium phase at STP | solid | solid | solid melting point | 650 °C | 1855 °C | 1541 °C boiling point | 1090 °C | 4409 °C | 2830 °C molar heat of fusion | 8.7 kJ/mol | 21 kJ/mol | 16 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 128 kJ/mol | 580 kJ/mol | 318 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 1020 J/(kg K) | 278 J/(kg K) | 567 J/(kg K) (properties at standard conditions)

| magnesium | zirconium | scandium density | 1.738 g/cm^3 | 6.511 g/cm^3 | 2.985 g/cm^3 liquid density | 1.584 g/cm^3 | 5.8 g/cm^3 | 2.8 g/cm^3 molar volume | 13.98 cm^3/mol | 14.01 cm^3/mol | 15.06 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 2.5 (between gypsum and calcite) | 5 (≈ apatite) | Vickers hardness | (unknown) | 903 MPa | Brinell hardness | 260 MPa | 650 MPa | 750 MPa bulk modulus | 45 GPa | (unknown) | 57 GPa shear modulus | 17 GPa | 33 GPa | 29 GPa Young's modulus | 45 GPa | 68 GPa | 74 GPa Poisson ratio | 0.29 | 0.34 | 0.28 tensile yield strength | | 230 MPa | 173 MPa ultimate tensile strength | | 330 MPa | 255 MPa sound speed | 4602 m/s | 3800 m/s | thermal expansion | 2.5×10^-5 K^(-1) | 5.7×10^-6 K^(-1) | 1.02×10^-5 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | 160 W/(m K) | 23 W/(m K) | 16 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

| magnesium | zirconium | scandium electrical type | conductor | conductor | conductor resistivity | 4.4×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) | 4.2×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) | 5.5×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 2.3×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 2.4×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1.8×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | paramagnetic | paramagnetic | paramagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | 1.2×10^-5 | 1.09×10^-4 | 2.627×10^-4 mass magnetic susceptibility | 6.9×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 1.68×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 8.8×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | 1.68×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 1.53×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 3.956×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | 3.66 eV (Polycrystalline) | 4.05 eV (Polycrystalline) | 3.5 eV (Polycrystalline) threshold frequency | 8.85×10^14 Hz (hertz) | 9.793×10^14 Hz (hertz) | 8.463×10^14 Hz (hertz) superconducting point | (unknown) | 0.61 K (kelvins) | 0.05 K (kelvins) color | (silver) | (silver) | (silver)

| magnesium | zirconium | scandium valence | 2 | 4 | 3 electronegativity | 1.31 | 1.33 | 1.36 electron affinity | 0 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 41.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 18.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 737.7 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 640.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 633.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 737.7 kJ/mol | 1450.7 kJ/mol | 7732.7 kJ/mol | 10542.5 kJ/mol | 13630 kJ/mol | 18020 kJ/mol | 21711 kJ/mol | 25661 kJ/mol | 31653 kJ/mol | 35458 kJ/mol | 640.1 kJ/mol | 1270 kJ/mol | 2218 kJ/mol | 3313 kJ/mol | 7752 kJ/mol | 9500 kJ/mol | 633.1 kJ/mol | 1235 kJ/mol | 2388.6 kJ/mol | 7090.6 kJ/mol | 8843 kJ/mol | 10679 kJ/mol | 13310 kJ/mol | 15250 kJ/mol | 17370 kJ/mol | 21726 kJ/mol | 24102 kJ/mol | 66320 kJ/mol | 73010 kJ/mol | 80160 kJ/mol | 89490 kJ/mol | 97400 kJ/mol | 105600 kJ/mol | 117000 kJ/mol | 124270 kJ/mol | 547530 kJ/mol | 582163 kJ/mol

Reactivity

| magnesium | zirconium | scandium term symbol | ^1S_0 | ^3F_2 | ^2D_(3/2) atomic radius | 150 pm | 155 pm | 160 pm covalent radius | 141 pm | 175 pm | 170 pm van der Waals radius | 173 pm | (unknown) | (electronic ground state properties)

| magnesium | zirconium | scandium universe abundance | 0.06 mass% | 5×10^-6 mass% | 3×10^-6 mass% solar abundance | 0.07 mass% | 4×10^-6 mass% | 4×10^-6 mass% meteorite abundance | 12 mass% | 6.6×10^-4 mass% | 6.4×10^-4 mass% crust abundance | 2.9 mass% | 0.013 mass% | 0.0026 mass% ocean abundance | 0.13 mass% | 2.6×10^-9 mass% | 1.5×10^-10 mass% human abundance | 0.027 mass% | 5×10^-6 mass% | universe molar abundance | 0.003 mol% | 7×10^-8 mol% | 1×10^-7 mol% solar molar abundance | 0.003 mol% | 5×10^-8 mol% | 9.9×10^-8 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 10 mol% | 1.6×10^-4 mol% | 2.9×10^-4 mol% ocean molar abundance | 0.034 mol% | 1.8×10^-10 mol% | 2.1×10^-11 mol% crust molar abundance | 2.5 mol% | 0.003 mol% | 0.0012 mol% human molar abundance | 0.007 mol% | 3×10^-7 mol% |