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iodine vs boron vs sulfur

Input interpretation

iodine (chemical element) | boron (chemical element) | sulfur (chemical element)
iodine (chemical element) | boron (chemical element) | sulfur (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Periodic table location
Periodic table location

Images

Images
Images

Basic elemental properties

| iodine | boron | sulfur atomic symbol | I | B | S atomic number | 53 | 5 | 16 short electronic configuration | [Kr]5s^24d^105p^5 | [He]2s^22p^1 | [Ne]3s^23p^4 Aufbau diagram | 5p 4d 5s | 2p 2s | 3p 3s block | p | p | p group | 17 | 13 | 16 period | 5 | 2 | 3 atomic mass | 126.90447 u | 10.81 u | 32.06 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)
| iodine | boron | sulfur atomic symbol | I | B | S atomic number | 53 | 5 | 16 short electronic configuration | [Kr]5s^24d^105p^5 | [He]2s^22p^1 | [Ne]3s^23p^4 Aufbau diagram | 5p 4d 5s | 2p 2s | 3p 3s block | p | p | p group | 17 | 13 | 16 period | 5 | 2 | 3 atomic mass | 126.90447 u | 10.81 u | 32.06 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)

Thermodynamic properties

| iodine | boron | sulfur phase at STP | solid | solid | solid melting point | 113.7 °C | 2075 °C | 115.21 °C boiling point | 184.3 °C | 4000 °C | 444.72 °C critical temperature | 819 K | | 1314 K critical pressure | 11.7 MPa | | 20.7 MPa molar heat of fusion | 7.76 kJ/mol | 50 kJ/mol | 1.73 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 20.9 kJ/mol | 507 kJ/mol | 9.8 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 429 J/(kg K) | 1030 J/(kg K) | 705 J/(kg K) (properties at standard conditions)
| iodine | boron | sulfur phase at STP | solid | solid | solid melting point | 113.7 °C | 2075 °C | 115.21 °C boiling point | 184.3 °C | 4000 °C | 444.72 °C critical temperature | 819 K | | 1314 K critical pressure | 11.7 MPa | | 20.7 MPa molar heat of fusion | 7.76 kJ/mol | 50 kJ/mol | 1.73 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 20.9 kJ/mol | 507 kJ/mol | 9.8 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 429 J/(kg K) | 1030 J/(kg K) | 705 J/(kg K) (properties at standard conditions)

Material properties

| iodine | boron | sulfur density | 4.94 g/cm^3 | 2.46 g/cm^3 | 1.96 g/cm^3 liquid density | | 2.08 g/cm^3 | 1.819 g/cm^3 molar volume | 25.69 cm^3/mol | 4.394 cm^3/mol | 16.36 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | | 9.3 (between corundum and diamond) | 2 (≈ gypsum) Vickers hardness | | 49000 MPa | bulk modulus | 7.7 GPa | 320 GPa | 7.7 GPa ultimate tensile strength | | 2 MPa | refractive index | | | 1.001111 sound speed | | 16200 m/s | thermal expansion | | 6×10^-6 K^(-1) | thermal conductivity | 0.449 W/(m K) | 27 W/(m K) | 0.205 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)
| iodine | boron | sulfur density | 4.94 g/cm^3 | 2.46 g/cm^3 | 1.96 g/cm^3 liquid density | | 2.08 g/cm^3 | 1.819 g/cm^3 molar volume | 25.69 cm^3/mol | 4.394 cm^3/mol | 16.36 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | | 9.3 (between corundum and diamond) | 2 (≈ gypsum) Vickers hardness | | 49000 MPa | bulk modulus | 7.7 GPa | 320 GPa | 7.7 GPa ultimate tensile strength | | 2 MPa | refractive index | | | 1.001111 sound speed | | 16200 m/s | thermal expansion | | 6×10^-6 K^(-1) | thermal conductivity | 0.449 W/(m K) | 27 W/(m K) | 0.205 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

Electromagnetic properties

| iodine | boron | sulfur electrical type | insulator | insulator | insulator resistivity | 1×10^7 Ω m (ohm meters) | 10000 Ω m (ohm meters) | 1×10^15 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 1×10^-7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1×10^-4 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1×10^-15 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | diamagnetic | diamagnetic | diamagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | -2.22×10^-5 | -2.14×10^-5 | -1.22×10^-5 mass magnetic susceptibility | -4.5×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -8.7×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -6.2×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | -1.14×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -9.41×10^-11 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -1.99×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | | 4.45 eV (Polycrystalline) | threshold frequency | | 1.076×10^15 Hz (hertz) | color | (slate gray) | (black) | (yellow) refractive index | | | 1.001111
| iodine | boron | sulfur electrical type | insulator | insulator | insulator resistivity | 1×10^7 Ω m (ohm meters) | 10000 Ω m (ohm meters) | 1×10^15 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 1×10^-7 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1×10^-4 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1×10^-15 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | diamagnetic | diamagnetic | diamagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | -2.22×10^-5 | -2.14×10^-5 | -1.22×10^-5 mass magnetic susceptibility | -4.5×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -8.7×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -6.2×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | -1.14×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -9.41×10^-11 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -1.99×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | | 4.45 eV (Polycrystalline) | threshold frequency | | 1.076×10^15 Hz (hertz) | color | (slate gray) | (black) | (yellow) refractive index | | | 1.001111

Reactivity

| iodine | boron | sulfur valence | 7 | 3 | 6 electronegativity | 2.66 | 2.04 | 2.58 electron affinity | 295.2 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 26.7 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 200 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 1008.4 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 800.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 999.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 1008.4 kJ/mol | 1845.9 kJ/mol | 3180 kJ/mol | 800.6 kJ/mol | 2427.1 kJ/mol | 3659.7 kJ/mol | 25025.8 kJ/mol | 32826.7 kJ/mol | 999.6 kJ/mol | 2252 kJ/mol | 3357 kJ/mol | 4556 kJ/mol | 7004.3 kJ/mol | 8495.8 kJ/mol | 27107 kJ/mol | 31719 kJ/mol | 36621 kJ/mol | 43177 kJ/mol
| iodine | boron | sulfur valence | 7 | 3 | 6 electronegativity | 2.66 | 2.04 | 2.58 electron affinity | 295.2 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 26.7 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 200 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 1008.4 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 800.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 999.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 1008.4 kJ/mol | 1845.9 kJ/mol | 3180 kJ/mol | 800.6 kJ/mol | 2427.1 kJ/mol | 3659.7 kJ/mol | 25025.8 kJ/mol | 32826.7 kJ/mol | 999.6 kJ/mol | 2252 kJ/mol | 3357 kJ/mol | 4556 kJ/mol | 7004.3 kJ/mol | 8495.8 kJ/mol | 27107 kJ/mol | 31719 kJ/mol | 36621 kJ/mol | 43177 kJ/mol
Reactivity
Reactivity

Atomic properties

| iodine | boron | sulfur term symbol | ^2P_(3/2) | ^2P_(1/2) | ^3P_2 atomic radius | 140 pm | 85 pm | 100 pm covalent radius | 139 pm | 84 pm | 105 pm van der Waals radius | 198 pm | | 180 pm (electronic ground state properties)
| iodine | boron | sulfur term symbol | ^2P_(3/2) | ^2P_(1/2) | ^3P_2 atomic radius | 140 pm | 85 pm | 100 pm covalent radius | 139 pm | 84 pm | 105 pm van der Waals radius | 198 pm | | 180 pm (electronic ground state properties)

Abundances

| iodine | boron | sulfur universe abundance | 1×10^-7 mass% | 1×10^-7 mass% | 0.05 mass% solar abundance | | 2×10^-7 mass% | 0.04 mass% meteorite abundance | 2.5×10^-5 mass% | 1.6×10^-4 mass% | 4 mass% crust abundance | 4.9×10^-5 mass% | 8.6×10^-4 mass% | 0.042 mass% ocean abundance | 6×10^-6 mass% | 4.4×10^-4 mass% | 0.093 mass% human abundance | 2×10^-5 mass% | 7×10^-5 mass% | 0.2 mass% universe molar abundance | 1×10^-9 mol% | 1×10^-8 mol% | 0.002 mol% solar molar abundance | | 2×10^-8 mol% | 9.9×10^-4 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 3×10^-6 mol% | 3×10^-4 mol% | 2.2 mol% ocean molar abundance | 2.9×10^-7 mol% | 2.5×10^-4 mol% | 0.018 mol% crust molar abundance | 8×10^-6 mol% | 0.0017 mol% | 0.027 mol% human molar abundance | 1×10^-6 mol% | 4.1×10^-5 mol% | 0.039 mol%
| iodine | boron | sulfur universe abundance | 1×10^-7 mass% | 1×10^-7 mass% | 0.05 mass% solar abundance | | 2×10^-7 mass% | 0.04 mass% meteorite abundance | 2.5×10^-5 mass% | 1.6×10^-4 mass% | 4 mass% crust abundance | 4.9×10^-5 mass% | 8.6×10^-4 mass% | 0.042 mass% ocean abundance | 6×10^-6 mass% | 4.4×10^-4 mass% | 0.093 mass% human abundance | 2×10^-5 mass% | 7×10^-5 mass% | 0.2 mass% universe molar abundance | 1×10^-9 mol% | 1×10^-8 mol% | 0.002 mol% solar molar abundance | | 2×10^-8 mol% | 9.9×10^-4 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 3×10^-6 mol% | 3×10^-4 mol% | 2.2 mol% ocean molar abundance | 2.9×10^-7 mol% | 2.5×10^-4 mol% | 0.018 mol% crust molar abundance | 8×10^-6 mol% | 0.0017 mol% | 0.027 mol% human molar abundance | 1×10^-6 mol% | 4.1×10^-5 mol% | 0.039 mol%

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