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H2O + Na2S2O3 + HOCl = H2SO4 + HCl + NaCl

Input interpretation

H_2O water + Na_2S_2O_3 sodium hyposulfite + HOCl hypochlorous acid ⟶ H_2SO_4 sulfuric acid + HCl hydrogen chloride + NaCl sodium chloride
H_2O water + Na_2S_2O_3 sodium hyposulfite + HOCl hypochlorous acid ⟶ H_2SO_4 sulfuric acid + HCl hydrogen chloride + NaCl sodium chloride

Balanced equation

Balance the chemical equation algebraically: H_2O + Na_2S_2O_3 + HOCl ⟶ H_2SO_4 + HCl + NaCl Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 H_2O + c_2 Na_2S_2O_3 + c_3 HOCl ⟶ c_4 H_2SO_4 + c_5 HCl + c_6 NaCl Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, O, Na, S and Cl: H: | 2 c_1 + c_3 = 2 c_4 + c_5 O: | c_1 + 3 c_2 + c_3 = 4 c_4 Na: | 2 c_2 = c_6 S: | 2 c_2 = c_4 Cl: | c_3 = c_5 + c_6 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_1 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 1 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 4 c_4 = 2 c_5 = 2 c_6 = 2 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | H_2O + Na_2S_2O_3 + 4 HOCl ⟶ 2 H_2SO_4 + 2 HCl + 2 NaCl
Balance the chemical equation algebraically: H_2O + Na_2S_2O_3 + HOCl ⟶ H_2SO_4 + HCl + NaCl Add stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, to the reactants and products: c_1 H_2O + c_2 Na_2S_2O_3 + c_3 HOCl ⟶ c_4 H_2SO_4 + c_5 HCl + c_6 NaCl Set the number of atoms in the reactants equal to the number of atoms in the products for H, O, Na, S and Cl: H: | 2 c_1 + c_3 = 2 c_4 + c_5 O: | c_1 + 3 c_2 + c_3 = 4 c_4 Na: | 2 c_2 = c_6 S: | 2 c_2 = c_4 Cl: | c_3 = c_5 + c_6 Since the coefficients are relative quantities and underdetermined, choose a coefficient to set arbitrarily. To keep the coefficients small, the arbitrary value is ordinarily one. For instance, set c_1 = 1 and solve the system of equations for the remaining coefficients: c_1 = 1 c_2 = 1 c_3 = 4 c_4 = 2 c_5 = 2 c_6 = 2 Substitute the coefficients into the chemical reaction to obtain the balanced equation: Answer: | | H_2O + Na_2S_2O_3 + 4 HOCl ⟶ 2 H_2SO_4 + 2 HCl + 2 NaCl

Structures

+ + ⟶ + +
+ + ⟶ + +

Names

water + sodium hyposulfite + hypochlorous acid ⟶ sulfuric acid + hydrogen chloride + sodium chloride
water + sodium hyposulfite + hypochlorous acid ⟶ sulfuric acid + hydrogen chloride + sodium chloride

Equilibrium constant

Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: H_2O + Na_2S_2O_3 + HOCl ⟶ H_2SO_4 + HCl + NaCl Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: H_2O + Na_2S_2O_3 + 4 HOCl ⟶ 2 H_2SO_4 + 2 HCl + 2 NaCl Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2O | 1 | -1 Na_2S_2O_3 | 1 | -1 HOCl | 4 | -4 H_2SO_4 | 2 | 2 HCl | 2 | 2 NaCl | 2 | 2 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression H_2O | 1 | -1 | ([H2O])^(-1) Na_2S_2O_3 | 1 | -1 | ([Na2S2O3])^(-1) HOCl | 4 | -4 | ([HOCl])^(-4) H_2SO_4 | 2 | 2 | ([H2SO4])^2 HCl | 2 | 2 | ([HCl])^2 NaCl | 2 | 2 | ([NaCl])^2 The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([H2O])^(-1) ([Na2S2O3])^(-1) ([HOCl])^(-4) ([H2SO4])^2 ([HCl])^2 ([NaCl])^2 = (([H2SO4])^2 ([HCl])^2 ([NaCl])^2)/([H2O] [Na2S2O3] ([HOCl])^4)
Construct the equilibrium constant, K, expression for: H_2O + Na_2S_2O_3 + HOCl ⟶ H_2SO_4 + HCl + NaCl Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the activity expression for each chemical species. • Use the activity expressions to build the equilibrium constant expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: H_2O + Na_2S_2O_3 + 4 HOCl ⟶ 2 H_2SO_4 + 2 HCl + 2 NaCl Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2O | 1 | -1 Na_2S_2O_3 | 1 | -1 HOCl | 4 | -4 H_2SO_4 | 2 | 2 HCl | 2 | 2 NaCl | 2 | 2 Assemble the activity expressions accounting for the state of matter and ν_i: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | activity expression H_2O | 1 | -1 | ([H2O])^(-1) Na_2S_2O_3 | 1 | -1 | ([Na2S2O3])^(-1) HOCl | 4 | -4 | ([HOCl])^(-4) H_2SO_4 | 2 | 2 | ([H2SO4])^2 HCl | 2 | 2 | ([HCl])^2 NaCl | 2 | 2 | ([NaCl])^2 The equilibrium constant symbol in the concentration basis is: K_c Mulitply the activity expressions to arrive at the K_c expression: Answer: | | K_c = ([H2O])^(-1) ([Na2S2O3])^(-1) ([HOCl])^(-4) ([H2SO4])^2 ([HCl])^2 ([NaCl])^2 = (([H2SO4])^2 ([HCl])^2 ([NaCl])^2)/([H2O] [Na2S2O3] ([HOCl])^4)

Rate of reaction

Construct the rate of reaction expression for: H_2O + Na_2S_2O_3 + HOCl ⟶ H_2SO_4 + HCl + NaCl Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: H_2O + Na_2S_2O_3 + 4 HOCl ⟶ 2 H_2SO_4 + 2 HCl + 2 NaCl Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2O | 1 | -1 Na_2S_2O_3 | 1 | -1 HOCl | 4 | -4 H_2SO_4 | 2 | 2 HCl | 2 | 2 NaCl | 2 | 2 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term H_2O | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[H2O])/(Δt) Na_2S_2O_3 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[Na2S2O3])/(Δt) HOCl | 4 | -4 | -1/4 (Δ[HOCl])/(Δt) H_2SO_4 | 2 | 2 | 1/2 (Δ[H2SO4])/(Δt) HCl | 2 | 2 | 1/2 (Δ[HCl])/(Δt) NaCl | 2 | 2 | 1/2 (Δ[NaCl])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -(Δ[H2O])/(Δt) = -(Δ[Na2S2O3])/(Δt) = -1/4 (Δ[HOCl])/(Δt) = 1/2 (Δ[H2SO4])/(Δt) = 1/2 (Δ[HCl])/(Δt) = 1/2 (Δ[NaCl])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)
Construct the rate of reaction expression for: H_2O + Na_2S_2O_3 + HOCl ⟶ H_2SO_4 + HCl + NaCl Plan: • Balance the chemical equation. • Determine the stoichiometric numbers. • Assemble the rate term for each chemical species. • Write the rate of reaction expression. Write the balanced chemical equation: H_2O + Na_2S_2O_3 + 4 HOCl ⟶ 2 H_2SO_4 + 2 HCl + 2 NaCl Assign stoichiometric numbers, ν_i, using the stoichiometric coefficients, c_i, from the balanced chemical equation in the following manner: ν_i = -c_i for reactants and ν_i = c_i for products: chemical species | c_i | ν_i H_2O | 1 | -1 Na_2S_2O_3 | 1 | -1 HOCl | 4 | -4 H_2SO_4 | 2 | 2 HCl | 2 | 2 NaCl | 2 | 2 The rate term for each chemical species, B_i, is 1/ν_i(Δ[B_i])/(Δt) where [B_i] is the amount concentration and t is time: chemical species | c_i | ν_i | rate term H_2O | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[H2O])/(Δt) Na_2S_2O_3 | 1 | -1 | -(Δ[Na2S2O3])/(Δt) HOCl | 4 | -4 | -1/4 (Δ[HOCl])/(Δt) H_2SO_4 | 2 | 2 | 1/2 (Δ[H2SO4])/(Δt) HCl | 2 | 2 | 1/2 (Δ[HCl])/(Δt) NaCl | 2 | 2 | 1/2 (Δ[NaCl])/(Δt) (for infinitesimal rate of change, replace Δ with d) Set the rate terms equal to each other to arrive at the rate expression: Answer: | | rate = -(Δ[H2O])/(Δt) = -(Δ[Na2S2O3])/(Δt) = -1/4 (Δ[HOCl])/(Δt) = 1/2 (Δ[H2SO4])/(Δt) = 1/2 (Δ[HCl])/(Δt) = 1/2 (Δ[NaCl])/(Δt) (assuming constant volume and no accumulation of intermediates or side products)

Chemical names and formulas

| water | sodium hyposulfite | hypochlorous acid | sulfuric acid | hydrogen chloride | sodium chloride formula | H_2O | Na_2S_2O_3 | HOCl | H_2SO_4 | HCl | NaCl Hill formula | H_2O | Na_2O_3S_2 | ClHO | H_2O_4S | ClH | ClNa name | water | sodium hyposulfite | hypochlorous acid | sulfuric acid | hydrogen chloride | sodium chloride
| water | sodium hyposulfite | hypochlorous acid | sulfuric acid | hydrogen chloride | sodium chloride formula | H_2O | Na_2S_2O_3 | HOCl | H_2SO_4 | HCl | NaCl Hill formula | H_2O | Na_2O_3S_2 | ClHO | H_2O_4S | ClH | ClNa name | water | sodium hyposulfite | hypochlorous acid | sulfuric acid | hydrogen chloride | sodium chloride

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