radium vs francium vs polonium vs thorium

radium (chemical element) | francium (chemical element) | polonium (chemical element) | thorium (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| atomic symbol | atomic number | short electronic configuration radium | Ra | 88 | [Rn]7s^2 francium | Fr | 87 | [Rn]7s^1 polonium | Po | 84 | [Xe]6s^24f^145d^106p^4 thorium | Th | 90 | [Rn]7s^26d^2 | Aufbau diagram | block | group radium | 7s | s | 2 francium | 7s | s | 1 polonium | 6p 5d 4f 6s | p | 16 thorium | 6d 7s | f | | period | atomic mass | half-life radium | 7 | 226 u | 1600 yr francium | 7 | 223 u | 22 min polonium | 6 | 209 u | 102 yr thorium | 7 | 232.0377 u | 14.06 Gyr

phase at STP | all | solid melting point | median | 700 °C | highest | 1750 °C (thorium) | lowest | 254 °C (polonium) | distribution | boiling point | median | 1737 °C | highest | 4820 °C (thorium) | lowest | 962 °C (polonium) | distribution | molar heat of fusion | median | 11 kJ/mol | highest | 16 kJ/mol (thorium) | lowest | 2 kJ/mol (francium) | distribution | molar heat of vaporization | median | 113 kJ/mol | highest | 530 kJ/mol (thorium) | lowest | 65 kJ/mol (francium) (properties at standard conditions)

density | median | 9.196 g/cm^3 | highest | 11.724 g/cm^3 (thorium) | lowest | 5 g/cm^3 (radium) | distribution | molar volume | median | 22.7 cm^3/mol | highest | 45 cm^3/mol (radium) | lowest | 19.792 cm^3/mol (thorium) | distribution | Vickers hardness | all | 350 MPa Brinell hardness | all | 400 MPa Poisson ratio | all | 0.27 ultimate tensile strength | all | 219 MPa (properties at standard conditions)

resistivity | median | 4.3×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) | highest | 1×10^-6 Ω m (ohm meters) (radium) | lowest | 1.5×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) (thorium) | distribution | electrical conductivity | median | 2.3×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) | highest | 6.7×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) (thorium) | lowest | 1×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) (radium) | distribution | work function | all | 3.4 eV

valence | median | 3 | highest | 6 (polonium) | lowest | 1 (francium) | distribution | electronegativity | median | 1 | highest | 2 (polonium) | lowest | 0.9 (radium and francium) | distribution | first ionization energy | median | 548 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | highest | 812.1 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (polonium) | lowest | 380 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) (francium) | distribution |

term symbol | all | ^1S_0 | ^2S_(1/2) | ^3F_2 | ^3P_2 atomic radius | median | 190 pm | highest | 215 pm (radium) | lowest | 180 pm (thorium) | distribution | covalent radius | median | 213 pm | highest | 260 pm (francium) | lowest | 140 pm (polonium) | distribution | (electronic ground state properties)

ocean abundance | median | 1×10^-15 mass% | highest | 4×10^-12 mass% (thorium) | lowest | 2×10^-18 mass% (polonium) human abundance | median | 0 mass% | highest | 1×10^-13 mass% (radium) | lowest | 0 mass% (3 elements) ocean molar abundance | median | 3×10^-6 mol% | highest | 6×10^-6 mol% (polonium) | lowest | 1.1×10^-6 mol% (thorium) | distribution | human molar abundance | median | 0 mol% | highest | 3×10^-6 mol% (radium) | lowest | 0 mol% (3 elements)

half-life | median | 840 yr | highest | 14.06 Gyr (thorium) | lowest | 22 min (francium) lifetime | median | 1200 yr | highest | 20.28 Gyr (thorium) | lowest | 32 min (francium) specific radioactivity | highest | 1.421×10^6 TBq/g (francium) | lowest | 4.057 kBq/g (thorium) | median | 328.7 GBq/g neutron cross-section | median | 7.4 b | highest | 13 b (radium) | lowest | 0.5 b (polonium) | distribution |