germanium vs antimony vs arsenic

germanium (chemical element) | antimony (chemical element) | arsenic (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| germanium | antimony | arsenic atomic symbol | Ge | Sb | As atomic number | 32 | 51 | 33 short electronic configuration | [Ar]4s^23d^104p^2 | [Kr]5s^24d^105p^3 | [Ar]4s^23d^104p^3 Aufbau diagram | 4p 3d 4s | 5p 4d 5s | 4p 3d 4s block | p | p | p group | 14 | 15 | 15 period | 4 | 5 | 4 atomic mass | 72.63 u | 121.76 u | 74.921595 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)

| germanium | antimony | arsenic phase at STP | solid | solid | solid melting point | 938.3 °C | 630.63 °C | 817 °C boiling point | 2820 °C | 1587 °C | 614 °C molar heat of fusion | 31.8 kJ/mol | 19.7 kJ/mol | 27.7 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 334 kJ/mol | 68 kJ/mol | 32.4 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 321.4 J/(kg K) | 207 J/(kg K) | 328 J/(kg K) (properties at standard conditions)

| germanium | antimony | arsenic density | 5.323 g/cm^3 | 6.697 g/cm^3 | 5.727 g/cm^3 liquid density | 5.6 g/cm^3 | 6.53 g/cm^3 | 5.22 g/cm^3 molar volume | 13.64 cm^3/mol | 18.18 cm^3/mol | 13.08 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | 6 (≈ microcline) | 3 (≈ calcite) | 3.5 (between calcite and fluorite) Vickers hardness | 8010 MPa | | 1510 MPa Brinell hardness | 7270 MPa | 294 MPa | 1440 MPa bulk modulus | (unknown) | 42 GPa | 22 GPa shear modulus | (unknown) | 20 GPa | Young's modulus | (unknown) | 55 GPa | 8 GPa ultimate tensile strength | | 11 MPa | refractive index | (unknown) | | 1.001552 sound speed | 5400 m/s | 3420 m/s | thermal expansion | 6×10^-6 K^(-1) | 1.1×10^-5 K^(-1) | thermal conductivity | 60 W/(m K) | 24 W/(m K) | 50 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

| germanium | antimony | arsenic electrical type | semiconductor | conductor | conductor resistivity | 5×10^-4 Ω m (ohm meters) | 4×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) | 3×10^-7 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 2000 S/m (siemens per meter) | 2.5×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) | 3.3×10^6 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | diamagnetic | diamagnetic | diamagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | -7.98×10^-6 | -7.3×10^-5 | -2.23×10^-5 mass magnetic susceptibility | -1.5×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -1.09×10^-8 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -3.9×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | -1.09×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -1.327×10^-9 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -2.92×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | 5 eV (Polycrystalline) | (4.55 to 4.7) eV | 3.75 eV (Polycrystalline) threshold frequency | 1.209×10^15 Hz (hertz) | (1.1×10^15 to 1.136×10^15) Hz (hertz) | 9.067×10^14 Hz (hertz) color | (gray) | (silver) | (silver) refractive index | (unknown) | | 1.001552

| germanium | antimony | arsenic valence | 4 | 5 | 5 electronegativity | 2.01 | 2.05 | 2.18 electron affinity | 119 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 103.2 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 78 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 762 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 834 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 947 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 762 kJ/mol | 1537.5 kJ/mol | 3302.1 kJ/mol | 4411 kJ/mol | 9020 kJ/mol | 834 kJ/mol | 1594.9 kJ/mol | 2440 kJ/mol | 4260 kJ/mol | 5400 kJ/mol | 10400 kJ/mol | 947 kJ/mol | 1798 kJ/mol | 2735 kJ/mol | 4837 kJ/mol | 6043 kJ/mol | 12310 kJ/mol

Reactivity

| germanium | antimony | arsenic term symbol | ^3P_0 | ^4S_(3/2) | ^4S_(3/2) atomic radius | 125 pm | 145 pm | 115 pm covalent radius | 120 pm | 139 pm | 119 pm van der Waals radius | (unknown) | | 185 pm (electronic ground state properties)

| germanium | antimony | arsenic universe abundance | 2×10^-5 mass% | 4×10^-8 mass% | 8×10^-7 mass% solar abundance | 2×10^-5 mass% | 1×10^-7 mass% | meteorite abundance | 0.0021 mass% | 1.2×10^-5 mass% | 1.8×10^-4 mass% crust abundance | 1.4×10^-4 mass% | 2×10^-5 mass% | 2.1×10^-4 mass% ocean abundance | 6×10^-9 mass% | 2×10^-8 mass% | 2.3×10^-7 mass% human abundance | | | 5×10^-6 mass% universe molar abundance | 3×10^-7 mol% | 4×10^-10 mol% | 1×10^-8 mol% solar molar abundance | 3×10^-7 mol% | 9.9×10^-10 mol% | meteorite molar abundance | 4.9×10^-4 mol% | 2×10^-6 mol% | 4.6×10^-5 mol% ocean molar abundance | 5.1×10^-10 mol% | 1×10^-9 mol% | 1.9×10^-8 mol% crust molar abundance | 3.9×10^-5 mol% | 3×10^-6 mol% | 5.8×10^-5 mol% human molar abundance | | | 4×10^-7 mol%