chlorine vs sulfur vs aluminum

chlorine (chemical element) | sulfur (chemical element) | aluminum (chemical element)

Periodic table location

Images

| chlorine | sulfur | aluminum atomic symbol | Cl | S | Al atomic number | 17 | 16 | 13 short electronic configuration | [Ne]3s^23p^5 | [Ne]3s^23p^4 | [Ne]3s^23p^1 Aufbau diagram | 3p 3s | 3p 3s | 3p 3s block | p | p | p group | 17 | 16 | 13 period | 3 | 3 | 3 atomic mass | 35.45 u | 32.06 u | 26.9815385 u half-life | (stable) | (stable) | (stable)

| chlorine | sulfur | aluminum phase at STP | gas | solid | solid melting point | -101.5 °C | 115.21 °C | 660.32 °C boiling point | -34.04 °C | 444.72 °C | 2519 °C critical temperature | 416.9 K | 1314 K | critical pressure | 7.991 MPa | 20.7 MPa | molar heat of fusion | 3.2 kJ/mol | 1.73 kJ/mol | 10.7 kJ/mol molar heat of vaporization | 10.2 kJ/mol | 9.8 kJ/mol | 293 kJ/mol specific heat at STP | 478.2 J/(kg K) | 705 J/(kg K) | 904 J/(kg K) adiabatic index | 7/5 | | (properties at standard conditions)

| chlorine | sulfur | aluminum density | 0.003214 g/cm^3 | 1.96 g/cm^3 | 2.7 g/cm^3 liquid density | | 1.819 g/cm^3 | 2.375 g/cm^3 molar volume | 11030 cm^3/mol | 16.36 cm^3/mol | 10 cm^3/mol Mohs hardness | | 2 (≈ gypsum) | 2.75 (between calcite and gypsum) Vickers hardness | | | 167 MPa Brinell hardness | | | 245 MPa bulk modulus | 1.1 GPa | 7.7 GPa | 76 GPa shear modulus | | | 26 GPa Young's modulus | | | 70 GPa Poisson ratio | | | 0.35 refractive index | 1.000773 | 1.001111 | sound speed | 206 m/s | | 5100 m/s thermal expansion | | | 2.31×10^-5 K^(-1) thermal conductivity | 0.0089 W/(m K) | 0.205 W/(m K) | 235 W/(m K) (properties at standard conditions)

| chlorine | sulfur | aluminum electrical type | insulator | insulator | conductor resistivity | 100 Ω m (ohm meters) | 1×10^15 Ω m (ohm meters) | 2.6×10^-8 Ω m (ohm meters) electrical conductivity | 0.01 S/m (siemens per meter) | 1×10^-15 S/m (siemens per meter) | 3.8×10^7 S/m (siemens per meter) magnetic type | diamagnetic | diamagnetic | paramagnetic volume magnetic susceptibility | -2.31×10^-8 | -1.22×10^-5 | 2.11×10^-5 mass magnetic susceptibility | -7.2×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | -6.2×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) | 7.8×10^-9 m^3/kg (cubic meters per kilogram) molar magnetic susceptibility | -5.11×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | -1.99×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) | 2.1×10^-10 m^3/mol (cubic meters per mole) work function | | | (4.06 to 4.26) eV threshold frequency | | | (9.817×10^14 to 1.03×10^15) Hz (hertz) superconducting point | | | 1.175 K (kelvins) color | (yellow) | (yellow) | (silver) refractive index | 1.000773 | 1.001111 |

| chlorine | sulfur | aluminum valence | 5 | 6 | 3 electronegativity | 3.16 | 2.58 | 1.61 electron affinity | 349 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 200 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 42.5 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) first ionization energy | 1251.2 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 999.6 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) | 577.5 kJ/mol (kilojoules per mole) ionization energies | 1251.2 kJ/mol | 2298 kJ/mol | 3822 kJ/mol | 5158.6 kJ/mol | 6542 kJ/mol | 9362 kJ/mol | 11018 kJ/mol | 33604 kJ/mol | 38600 kJ/mol | 43961 kJ/mol | 999.6 kJ/mol | 2252 kJ/mol | 3357 kJ/mol | 4556 kJ/mol | 7004.3 kJ/mol | 8495.8 kJ/mol | 27107 kJ/mol | 31719 kJ/mol | 36621 kJ/mol | 43177 kJ/mol | 577.5 kJ/mol | 1816.7 kJ/mol | 2744.8 kJ/mol | 11577 kJ/mol | 14842 kJ/mol | 18379 kJ/mol | 23326 kJ/mol | 27465 kJ/mol | 31853 kJ/mol | 38473 kJ/mol

Reactivity

| chlorine | sulfur | aluminum term symbol | ^2P_(3/2) | ^3P_2 | ^2P_(1/2) atomic radius | 100 pm | 100 pm | 125 pm covalent radius | 102 pm | 105 pm | 121 pm van der Waals radius | 175 pm | 180 pm | (electronic ground state properties)

| chlorine | sulfur | aluminum universe abundance | 1×10^-4 mass% | 0.05 mass% | 0.005 mass% solar abundance | 8×10^-4 mass% | 0.04 mass% | 0.006 mass% meteorite abundance | 0.037 mass% | 4 mass% | 0.91 mass% crust abundance | 0.017 mass% | 0.042 mass% | 8.1 mass% ocean abundance | 2 mass% | 0.093 mass% | 5×10^-7 mass% human abundance | 0.12 mass% | 0.2 mass% | 9×10^-5 mass% universe molar abundance | 4×10^-6 mol% | 0.002 mol% | 2×10^-4 mol% solar molar abundance | 3×10^-5 mol% | 9.9×10^-4 mol% | 3×10^-4 mol% meteorite molar abundance | 0.016 mol% | 2.2 mol% | 0.67 mol% ocean molar abundance | 0.35 mol% | 0.018 mol% | 1.1×10^-7 mol% crust molar abundance | 0.0099 mol% | 0.027 mol% | 6.3 mol% human molar abundance | 0.021 mol% | 0.039 mol% | 2.1×10^-5 mol%